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. 2021 Oct 20;9:45. doi: 10.1038/s41413-021-00162-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The detection of small fragments of c-FMS and soluble c-FMS. a Immunoblot analysis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial CD14⁺ cells with antibodies against the C-terminus of c-FMS. b Human CD14⁺ cells from healthy donors were cultured with M-CSF for the indicated times. Immunoblot analysis of whole cell lysates with antibodies against the C-terminus of c-FMS. c Immunoblot analysis of whole cell lysates from CD14⁺ cells from healthy donors cultured with M-CSF for 1 day (HD) and synovial CD14⁺ cells from patients with RA or osteoarthritis (OA). d, e Human CD14⁺ cells were nucleofected with control (CTL) or TACE siRNAs and then cultured with M-CSF. d Knockdown (KD) efficiency. TACE mRNA was measured by qPCR and normalized to HPRT. e Immunoblot analysis of KD cells using an anti-c-FMS antibody. f, g Soluble c-FMS levels in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 13) and osteoarthritis (OA, n = 8) were measured by ELISA (f) and immunoblot analysis with antibodies against N-terminal c-FMS (g). h, i Human CD14⁺ cells were cultured with M-CSF. Soluble c-FMS in the culture media was measured by ELISA (h) and immunoblot analysis with anti-c-FMS antibodies (i). All data are shown as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 by unpaired t-test (d, f) or one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test (h). The data represent at least 3 independent donors. M; a mature c-FMS, I; an immature c-FMS, #; small fragments.