Table 3.

Evolutionary timescale and bottleneck size in experimental studies.

Reference	Focal host-Phage	Design	N0 (cfu)	N1 (cfu)	D	n (number of transfers)	t (duration)	Number of generations
[43]	P. aeruginosa – DMS3vir	Batch	3.3 × 106	~2 × 107	100	2	3 days	~15.9
[50, 51]	E. coli – P10 (in vitro only)	Batch	108	–	10	3	24 days	~13.3
[36, 46, 49]	P. fluorescens – phi2 (Φ2)	Batch	106.75	–	–	0	48 days	–
[40]	P. aeruginosa – PT7	Batch	3.8 × 105	–	7	4	16 days	~11.2
[38]	Klebsiella sp. – Klebsiella-phage	Cont.	8.7 × 106	3.0 × 108	0.1	–	3 days	~5.4
[48]	Pseudoalteromonas sp. #1 – Pseudoalteromonas sp. #1 phage;	Cont.	~104.9	~106	1	–	9.375 days	~13.0
	Pseudoalteromonas sp. #2 – Pseudoalteromonas sp. #2 phage;		~104.5	~105.9				~14.0
	Photobacterium sp. – Photobacterium sp. phage;		~104.25	~104				~9.4
	Vibrio sp. – Vibrio sp. phage		~104.5	~105.8				~13.7

Details on reviewed experiments are listed here, including the type of experiment (batch or continuous), size of the initial inoculum population (N₀), the size of the population before the first transfer (for batch culture) or at peak (for continuous culture) (N₁), the dilution per transfer (for batch culture) or per day (for continuous culture) (D), the number of transfers (for batch culture only) (n), and the total duration of the experiment (t). N₁ was estimated from data (Figs. S1, S3) or visually from published figures. The number of bacterial generations in each experiment was estimated as: batch culture generations = log₂(N₁/N₀) + n × log₂(D), or continuous culture generations = log₂(N₁/N₀) + t × D. When N₁ was unavailable for batch culture experiments, it was assumed growth from inoculum to first transfer was equivalent to subsequent dilutions, i.e., number of generations = (n + 1) × log₂(D).