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. 2021 May 18;15(11):3239–3257. doi: 10.1038/s41396-021-01005-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — A RoWV-1 load in larvae, pupae, and adult D. melanogaster: yellow pupae 1, early-stage yellow pupae; yellow pupae 2, late-stage yellow pupae; adults refer to newly emerged male and female adults. B RoWV-1 load in adult flies at Day 1 through Day 10 after eclosion. C RoWV-1 load in D. melanogaster heads, thoraxes, and abdomens. D RoWV-1 load in adult D. melanogaster ovaries, testes, female digestive tracts, male digestive tracts, female fat bodies, and male fat bodies. Data represent means ± standard error of mean (SEM). Bars annotated with identical letters do not differ significantly (Tukey’s multiple comparison test). E Localization of RoWV-1 antigen (red) in D. melanogaster ovary. E(1), E(2) Adult fly’s ovary, stains were derived from dissected RoWV-1 (–) and RoWV-1 (+) D. melanogaster. E(3), E(4) The enlarged insets of the boxes in E(2): FC follicle cell, NC nurse cell, Oo oocyte. F Localization of RoWV-1 antigen (red) in D. melanogaster testis. F(1), F(2) Adult fly’s testis, stains were derived from dissected RoWV-1 (–) and RoWV-1 (+) D. melanogaster. F(3), F(4) The enlarged insets of the boxes in F(2). SV seminal vesicle, T testis. G Localization of RoWV-1 antigen (red) in D. melanogaster digestive tracts. G(1) Adult fly’s digestive tract, and G(2) adult fly’s digestive tract, stains were derived from dissected RoWV-1 (–) and RoWV-1 (+) D. melanogaster. G(3) The enlarged inset of the box in G(2): Hg hindgut, Mg midgut. F-actin was stained with phalloidin (green). Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). H RoWV-1 particles observed in ovary (arrows) on transmission electron micrographs. H(2), H(3) The enlarged insets of the boxes in H(1). I RoWV-1 particles observed in testis (blue arrows) on transmission electron micrographs. I(2), I(3) The enlarged insets of the box in I(1). Multiple comparisons in one-way or two-way ANOVA are shown with lowercase letters, showing statistically significant difference at p < 0.05 for each treatment. A completely different letter means there is a significant difference between the two (e.g., a and b), but when the same letter is displayed, there is no significant difference between the two (e.g., a and a or a and ab).