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. 2021 Oct 7;12:708472. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708472

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Copyright © 2021 Yao, Cai, Ye, Wang, Chen and Zheng

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Infant gut microbiota and central nervous system. This figure shows the role of infant microbiota in the central nervous system (CNS). Microbial metabolites and microbial components directly pass-through epithelial cells or act on receptors on epithelial cells to play a role (in this figure, intestinal epithelial cells are taken as an example). On the one hand, these substances will further reach the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after entering the blood circulation and enter the brain to participate in the regulation of the CNS after passing through the BBB. On the other hand, these substances continue to undergo biochemical reactions in the blood circulation to affect the CNS. Besides, SCFAs and LPS entering the blood circulation can also directly act on nerve cells. Shortly, these substances regulate the development of the brain and CNS.