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. 2021 Oct 7;12:708472. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708472

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Copyright © 2021 Yao, Cai, Ye, Wang, Chen and Zheng

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanisms of SCFAs regulating mucosal immunity. SCFAs are produced by the digestion of dietary fiber by the intestinal microbiota. On the one hand, SCFAs increase the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa to protect the body from harmful microbes. On the other hand, SCFAs participate in the mucosal immunity of the intestine, specifically: (1) SCFAs act on G protein-coupled receptors (GPR) on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to activate downstream cell signal transduction to regulate the immune response of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs). (2) After SCFAs enter IECs, they act as histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors to affect the transcription of inflammatory genes. (3) SCFAs activate inflammasomes in IECs to promote the secretion of IL-18. (4) SCFAs directly pass through IECs to regulate the immune response of B cells.