Table 6.
Microbial metabolites or components related to diseases.
| Microbial metabolites or components | Human disease or preclinical models | Refs. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer | Colorectal cancer | SCFAs, B vitamins, N1, N12-diacetylspermine | (200, 201) |
| Gynecological and reproductive disorders | Bacterial vaginosis and other sexually transmitted infections | Polyamines, HBP | (202) |
| Preterm labor | SCFAs | (203) | |
| Allergic and immune disorders | Asthma | SCFAs | (204, 205) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | SCFAs, B vitamins | (206) | |
| Neurological disorders | Central nervous system dysfunction | SCFAs | (174) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 4-EPS | (207) | |
| Metabolic disorders | Obesity and metabolic syndrome | TMAO | (208) |
| Kidney disease | p-Cresol, SCFAs | (209) | |
| Type 2 diabetes | TMAO | (210) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | TMAO | (209, 211) | |
| Other gastrointestinal disorders | Infectious colitis (Clostridium difficile) | Bile acids | (212) |
4-EPS, 4-ethyl phenol sulfate; HBP, d-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose-1,7-biphosphate; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide.