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. 2021 Oct 7;12:734929. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.734929

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Copyright © 2021 Umviligihozo, Muok, Nyirimihigo Gisa, Xu, Dilernia, Herard, Song, Qin, Bizimana, Farmer, Hare, Gilmour, Allen, Karita, Hunter and Yue.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Recombination analysis of Protocol C and recent infections. The positions of recombination cross-overs and the subtype origin of genomic regions are shown based on the jphMM analytical tool. Nucleotide positions refer to the equivlent positions on the HXB-2 HIV-1 genome. (A) The six unique recombinant forms (URFs) from the Protocol C acute infection cohort. (B) The recombination structure of recent Rwandan seroconvertor viruses. PSF-3M illustrates the identical recombinant structure found in all five early isolates from MSM (PSF-3M, -24M, -33M, -38M, and -39M). Subtype sequences are denoted by the same colors as in Figure 1.