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. 2021 Oct 20;4(10):e2130280. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30280

Table 3. Multivariate Differences in the Prevalence of 12-Month Co-occurring MDE and SUD Among Adolescents in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health From 2011 to 2019 .

Characteristic No. (N = 136 262) Co-occurring MDE and SUDa
Prevalence, % (95% CI) AOR (95% CI)
Year NA NA 1.01 (0.99-1.03)
Gender
Boys 69 584 0.8 (0.7-0.9) 1 [Reference]
Girls 66 678 2.1 (2.0-2.3) 2.71 (2.37-3.10)b
Age, y
12-13 43 547 0.2 (1.2-0.3) 1 [Reference]
14-15 46 167 1.4 (1.3-1.5) 6.11 (4.75-7.88)b
16-17 46 548 2.7 (2.5-2.9) 11.68 (9.17-14.90)b
Race and ethnicity
Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander 5699 1.0 (0.6-1.3) 0.59 (0.41-0.86)c
Black 18 173 0.7 (0.6-0.9) 0.38 (0.30-0.49)b
Hispanic 28 687 1.5 (1.3-1.7) 0.94 (0.79-1.11)
White 74 512 1.6 (1.5-1.7) 1 [Reference]
Otherd 9191 2.2 (1.7-2.6) 1.32 (1.04-1.68)e
Insurance type
No 7859 1.4 (1.1-1.8) 1 [Reference]
Medicaid or CHIP 46 094 1.5 (1.3-1.6) 1.18 (0.90-1.56)
Private insurance 78 885 1.5 (1.3-1.6) 1.12 (0.86-1.46)
Other insurance 2003 1.5 (0.7-2.2) 1.01 (0.57-1.78)
Family income, $
<20 000 23 261 1.3 (1.2-1.6) 1 [Reference]
20 000-49 999 40 112 1.6 (1.4-1.7) 1.17 (0.96-1.43)
50 000-74 999 21 942 1.3 (1.2-1.5) 1.06 (0.83-1.34)
≥75 000 50 947 1.5 (1.3-1.6) 1.16 (0.91-1.47)
Father in household
Yes 98 170 1.4 (1.3-1.5) 1 [Reference]
No 37 968 1.7 (1.5-1.8) 1.23 (1.07-1.42)c
Mother in household
Yes 124 542 1.4 (1.3-1.5) 1 [Reference]
No 11 605 2.2 (1.9-2.5) 1.38 (1.16-1.65)b
Times family moved in past 12 mo
None 98 708 1.4 (1.3-1.5) 1 [Reference]
1 19 627 1.7 (1.4-1.9) 1.29 (1.09-1.52)c
2 9594 1.4 (1.1-1.7) 1.18 (0.94-1.50)
≥3 4956 2.8 (2.2-3.4) 2.18 (1.71-2.77)b

Abbreviations: AOR, multivariate adjusted odds ratio; CHIP, Children’s Health Insurance Program; MDE, major depressive episode; NA, not applicable; SUD, substance use disorders.

a

All variables listed were included in the multivariable model to estimate the prevalence of MDE, SUD, and co-occurring MDE and SUD. Unweighted sample sizes and weighted percentages are presented.

b

P ≤ .001.

c

P ≤ .01.

d

Includes individuals identifying as more than 1 race or ethnicity or as none of the provided race and ethnicity options.

e

P ≤ .05.