Table 3. Multivariate Differences in the Prevalence of 12-Month Co-occurring MDE and SUD Among Adolescents in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health From 2011 to 2019 .
| Characteristic | No. (N = 136 262) | Co-occurring MDE and SUDa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence, % (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
| Year | NA | NA | 1.01 (0.99-1.03) |
| Gender | |||
| Boys | 69 584 | 0.8 (0.7-0.9) | 1 [Reference] |
| Girls | 66 678 | 2.1 (2.0-2.3) | 2.71 (2.37-3.10)b |
| Age, y | |||
| 12-13 | 43 547 | 0.2 (1.2-0.3) | 1 [Reference] |
| 14-15 | 46 167 | 1.4 (1.3-1.5) | 6.11 (4.75-7.88)b |
| 16-17 | 46 548 | 2.7 (2.5-2.9) | 11.68 (9.17-14.90)b |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander | 5699 | 1.0 (0.6-1.3) | 0.59 (0.41-0.86)c |
| Black | 18 173 | 0.7 (0.6-0.9) | 0.38 (0.30-0.49)b |
| Hispanic | 28 687 | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) | 0.94 (0.79-1.11) |
| White | 74 512 | 1.6 (1.5-1.7) | 1 [Reference] |
| Otherd | 9191 | 2.2 (1.7-2.6) | 1.32 (1.04-1.68)e |
| Insurance type | |||
| No | 7859 | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) | 1 [Reference] |
| Medicaid or CHIP | 46 094 | 1.5 (1.3-1.6) | 1.18 (0.90-1.56) |
| Private insurance | 78 885 | 1.5 (1.3-1.6) | 1.12 (0.86-1.46) |
| Other insurance | 2003 | 1.5 (0.7-2.2) | 1.01 (0.57-1.78) |
| Family income, $ | |||
| <20 000 | 23 261 | 1.3 (1.2-1.6) | 1 [Reference] |
| 20 000-49 999 | 40 112 | 1.6 (1.4-1.7) | 1.17 (0.96-1.43) |
| 50 000-74 999 | 21 942 | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) | 1.06 (0.83-1.34) |
| ≥75 000 | 50 947 | 1.5 (1.3-1.6) | 1.16 (0.91-1.47) |
| Father in household | |||
| Yes | 98 170 | 1.4 (1.3-1.5) | 1 [Reference] |
| No | 37 968 | 1.7 (1.5-1.8) | 1.23 (1.07-1.42)c |
| Mother in household | |||
| Yes | 124 542 | 1.4 (1.3-1.5) | 1 [Reference] |
| No | 11 605 | 2.2 (1.9-2.5) | 1.38 (1.16-1.65)b |
| Times family moved in past 12 mo | |||
| None | 98 708 | 1.4 (1.3-1.5) | 1 [Reference] |
| 1 | 19 627 | 1.7 (1.4-1.9) | 1.29 (1.09-1.52)c |
| 2 | 9594 | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | 1.18 (0.94-1.50) |
| ≥3 | 4956 | 2.8 (2.2-3.4) | 2.18 (1.71-2.77)b |
Abbreviations: AOR, multivariate adjusted odds ratio; CHIP, Children’s Health Insurance Program; MDE, major depressive episode; NA, not applicable; SUD, substance use disorders.
a
All variables listed were included in the multivariable model to estimate the prevalence of MDE, SUD, and co-occurring MDE and SUD. Unweighted sample sizes and weighted percentages are presented.
b
P ≤ .001.
c
P ≤ .01.
d
Includes individuals identifying as more than 1 race or ethnicity or as none of the provided race and ethnicity options.
e
P ≤ .05.