Table 4. Multivariate Differences in the Prevalence of Treatment Use in Adolescents With Co-occurring MDE and SUD in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health From 2011 to 2019.
| Sociodemographic characteristics | No. (N = 2072) | Treatment for MDE onlya | Treatment for SUD onlyb | Treatment for both MDE and SUD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||||
| Year | NA | 1.06 (1.01-1.11)c | NA | 0.85 (0.73-1.00) | NA | 0.95 (0.87-1.04) | |||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Boys | 548 | 26.5 (21.6-31.4) | 1 [Reference] | 2.6 (1.0-4.2) | 1 [Reference] | 9.8 (6.4-13.3) | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Girls | 1524 | 42.6 (39.3-46.0) | 2.00 (1.49-2.69)d | 1.8 (0.7-2.9) | 0.81 (0.33-2.01) | 7.2 (5.4-9.0) | 0.62 (0.38-1.02) | ||
| Age | |||||||||
| 12-13 | 123 | 44.2 (32.9-55.5) | 1 [Reference] | 0.0e | 1 [Reference] | 2.1 (0.0-4.3) | 1 [Reference] | ||
| 14-15 | 658 | 39 (34.1-43.9) | 0.84 (0.51-1.39) | 1.8e | NA | 7.7 (4.9-10.5) | 3.99 (1.18-13.41)c | ||
| 16-17 | 1291 | 37.2 (33.7-40.8) | 0.85 (0.52-1.38) | 2.3e | NA | 8.5 (6.4-10.7) | 4.21 (1.31-13.45)c | ||
| Race and ethnicity | |||||||||
| Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander | 56 | 14.8 (4.2-25.5) | 0.24 (0.10-0.58)d | 3.1 (0.0-9.0) | 2.35 (0.26-21.3) | 0.4 (0.0-1.3) | 0.04 (0.01-0.33)f | ||
| Black | 140 | 36.3 (25.5-47.1) | 0.87 (0.51-1.51) | 1.2 (0.0-2.8) | 0.70 (0.14-3.46) | 4.3 (0.0-8.7) | 0.39 (0.14-1.13) | ||
| Hispanic | 463 | 34.9 (28.7-41.1) | 0.84 (0.60-1.19) | 3.0 (0.2-5.8) | 1.72 (0.59-5.02) | 5.4 (2.8-7.9) | 0.52 (0.27-0.98)c | ||
| White | 1224 | 40.8 (37.3-44.3) | 1 [Reference] | 1.5 (0.6-2.4) | 1 [Reference] | 9.6 (7.2-11.9) | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Otherg | 189 | 41.6 (31.4-51.9) | 1.05 (0.65-1.67) | 3.6 (0.0-7.2) | 2.05 (0.55-7.66) | 10.8 (2.8-18.8) | 1.05 (0.46-2.35) | ||
| Insurance type | |||||||||
| No | 123 | 24.6 (13.9-35.2) | 1 [Reference] | 2.8 (0.0-6.9) | 1 [Reference] | 4 (0.5-7.4) | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Medicaid or CHIP | 724 | 36.7 (31.8-41.5) | 1.90 (0.98-3.68) | 3.1 (1.0-5.3) | 1.14 (0.24-5.32) | 9 (6.0-11.9) | 2.36 (0.88-6.30) | ||
| Private insurance | 1164 | 40.7 (37.0-44.4) | 2.07 (1.09-3.91)c | 1.3 (0.4-2.1) | 0.40 (0.08-2.15) | 7.9 (5.7-10.1) | 2.28 (0.82-6.30) | ||
| Other insurance | 33 | 28.4 (7.0-49.9) | 1.27 (0.39-4.16) | 2.2 (0.0-6.5) | 0.71 (0.06-8.99) | 3.5 (0.0-8.5) | 0.78 (0.13-4.88) | ||
| Family income, $ | |||||||||
| <20 000 | 334 | 29.2 (22.3-36.0) | 1 [Reference] | 2.7 (0.5-4.9) | 1 [Reference] | 10.3 (5.7-14.9) | 1 [Reference] | ||
| 20 000-49 999 | 675 | 39 (34.0-44.0) | 1.42 (0.92-2.19) | 2.2 (0.6-3.8) | 0.81 (0.26-2.47) | 7.7 (5.0-10.3) | 0.79 (0.42-1.49) | ||
| 50 000-74 999 | 325 | 36.9 (30.1-43.7) | 1.16 (0.69-1.93) | 3.0 (0.0-7.3) | 1.13 (0.21-5.90) | 4.4 (1.8-7.0) | 0.44 (0.19-1.00) | ||
| ≥75 000 | 738 | 41.4 (36.8-46.0) | 1.38 (0.84-2.26) | 1.3 (0.4-2.2) | 0.46 (0.15-1.41) | 8.5 (5.6-11.3) | 0.90 (0.43-1.86) | ||
| Father in household | |||||||||
| Yes | 1396 | 38.8 (35.4-42.2) | 1 [Reference] | 1.9 (0.8-3.1) | 1 [Reference] | 7.3 (5.4-9.2) | 1 [Reference] | ||
| No | 675 | 36.8 (32.0-41.6) | 1.01 (0.75-1.35) | 2.3 (0.8-3.7) | 1.19 (0.54-2.66) | 9.4 (6.4-12.4) | 1.22 (0.77-1.93) | ||
| Mother in household | |||||||||
| Yes | 1805 | 37.6 (34.6-40.6) | 1 [Reference] | 2.0 (1.0-3.0) | 1 [Reference] | 7.6 (5.9-9.3) | 1 [Reference] | ||
| No | 266 | 42.4 (34.9-49.9) | 1.24 (0.88-1.75) | 2.3 (0.0-4.7) | 1.23 (0.41-3.73) | 10.3 (5.7-14.9) | 1.15 (0.64-2.09) | ||
| Times family moved in past 12 mo | |||||||||
| None | 1395 | 38.5 (35.1-41.9) | 1 [Reference] | 2.5 (1.2-3.7) | 1 [Reference] | 6.8 (5.0-8.6) | 1 [Reference] | ||
| 1 | 350 | 38.5 (31.6-45.4) | 0.92 (0.65-1.31) | 1.1 (0.0-2.4) | 0.45 (0.13-1.56) | 10.3 (5.4-15.2) | 1.65 (0.91-3.00) | ||
| 2 | 141 | 34.7 (24.5-45.0) | 0.78 (0.49-1.24) | 1.6 (0.0-3.9) | 0.67 (0.15-3.02) | 6.9 (1.9-11.9) | 1.05 (0.46-2.43) | ||
| ≥3 | 157 | 34.6 (24.4-44.8) | 0.94 (0.57-1.53) | 0.5 (0.0-1.5) | 0.12 (0.12-1.04) | 16 (8.0-24.0) | 2.52 (1.26-5.05)f | ||
| MDE-related severe impairment | |||||||||
| No | 383 | 21.7 (16.4-26.9) | 1 [Reference] | 4.0 (0.3-7.7) | 1 [Reference] | 3.6 (1.4-5.8) | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Yes | 1684 | 42.3 (39.2-45.5) | 2.77 (1.97-3.90)d | 1.5 (0.9-2.2) | 0.45 (0.18-1.14) | 9 (7.1-10.9) | 2.61 (1.30-5.23)f | ||
Abbreviations: AOR, multivariate adjusted odds ratio; CHIP, Children’s Health Insurance Program; MDE, major depressive episode; NA, not applicable; SUD, substance use disorders.
a
Adolescents were asked if they had seen or talked to a physician or other professionals about their MDE symptoms in the past 12 months.
b
Adolescents were asked if they had used treatment or counseling for illicit drug use or alcohol use at any location designed in the past 12 months.
c
P ≤ .05.
d
P ≤ .001.
e
95% CIs could not be computed for percentages owing to zero observed values.
f
P ≤ .01.
g
Includes individuals identifying as more than 1 race or ethnicity or as none of the provided race and ethnicity options.