Fig. 3.

The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees of Juglandaceae. Trees are based on a sixty one chloroplast protein-coding genes in the chloroplast, b 16 mtCDS fragement DNA sequence data, and c nuclear SNPs from whole genome resequencing data. For these trees, the PartitionFinder method for the best model combinations (Additional file 1: Table S4) was inferred by RAxML. Numbers at nodes correspond to ML bootstrap percentages (10,000 replicates). The three subfamilies are indicated with red arrows; Rhoipteleoideae (black bar), Engelhardioideae (dark red bar), and Juglandoideae (blue bar). Fruit morphology is shown using one species from each genus; the black solid circles indicate wingless fruits, hollow circles indicate winged fruits. Details for the outgroups (orange bar) are in Additional file 1: Table S1. The triangles indicate taxa with discordance between nuclear and chloroplast phylogeny