Figure 4.

Changes in depression and anxiety scores over time. (A) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scores and (B) Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) anxiety scores by time. The data point for each day represents a rolling average of the median PHQ-9 or GAD-7 score across a sliding window of ±10 days, averaging over ∼900–1000 responses for each daily value in May; ∼260–300 subjects in June; ∼90–120 subjects in July; ∼45–60 subjects in August, September, October, and November; and ∼60–80 subjects in December and January. See Methods and Materials for details. Dashed lines represent linear regression of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores on time, explaining 53.9% and 31.5% of the variance in daily scores, respectively. The semitransparent blue boxes highlight transient decreases in mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 symptoms, which correspond with the relaxation of social distancing requirements in New York City (NYC) in June and positive vaccine news in October and November. Changes over time in (C) local and (D) national COVID-19 transmission rates (daily new cases) as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker).