Study ID/Year |
Study design |
Country |
Sample size(n) |
Exposure |
Outcome |
Rodrıguez et al., 1999 [32] |
Cohort study |
UK |
69,830 |
Oral antifungals with a background rate of 0.6 per100 000 person-month |
Ketoconazole and itraconazole were the two oral antifungals associated with a marked increase of clinical acute liver injury. |
Perveze et al., 2006 [33] |
Case study |
US |
1 |
Oral terbinafine for three months |
terbinafine-induced severe liver a case of terbinafine-induced severe liver failure |
Paredes et al., 2007 [34] |
Case study |
US |
1 |
Oral terbinafine for twelve weeks |
aspartate aminotransferase (1282 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (1044 IU/L), and bilirubin (5.9 mg/dL); platelet level decreased to 77 × 103/mm3 |
Kao et al., 2013 [35] |
Cohort study |
Taiwan |
90,847 |
Ketoconazole, 12 fluconazole, eight griseofulvin, three itraconazole and two terbinafine |
The incidence rates (IR) of DILI per 10k persons 31.6, 4.9, 4.3, 3.6 and 1.6 for fluconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole and terbinafine, respectively. |
Chan et al., 2014 [36] |
Case study |
Malaysia |
1 |
34-year-old with elevated liver enzymes due to fluconazole (IV) 200 mg stat followed by IV 100 mg daily. |
ALT and total bilirubin level further rose to 2394 U/L and 94 μmol/L on day 6 |
Gayam et al., 2018 [37] |
Case study |
US |
1 |
IV fluconazole 200 mg daily |
On day 3 AST of 25kIU/L, an ALT of 6.5k IU/L, a GGT of 210 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase of 130 IU/L, a total bilirubin 2.3 mg/ dL, and a direct bilirubin 0.4 mg/ dL |