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. 2021 Oct 21;13(10):e18940. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18940

Table 2. Baseline characteristics and details of included studies.

ALT: Alanine Transaminase; ALP: Alkaline Phosphatase; AST: Aspartate Transaminase; DILI: Drug-Induced Liver Injury; GGT: Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase; IU/L: International Unit per Liter; IV: Intravenous; K: per 1,000 persons; mg/dL: Milligrams (mg) per Deciliter; mg: Milligram; mm3: Cubic Millimeter; μmol/L: Micromoles per Liter; UK: United Kingdom; US: United States of America; U/L: Units/Liter

Study ID/Year Study design Country Sample size(n) Exposure Outcome
Rodrıguez et al., 1999 [32] Cohort study UK 69,830 Oral antifungals with a background rate of 0.6 per100 000 person-month Ketoconazole and itraconazole were the two oral antifungals associated with a marked increase of clinical acute liver injury.
Perveze et al., 2006 [33] Case study US 1 Oral terbinafine for three months  terbinafine-induced severe liver a case of terbinafine-induced severe liver failure
Paredes et al., 2007 [34] Case study US 1 Oral terbinafine for twelve weeks aspartate aminotransferase (1282 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (1044 IU/L), and bilirubin (5.9 mg/dL); platelet level decreased to 77 × 103/mm3
Kao et al., 2013 [35] Cohort study Taiwan 90,847 Ketoconazole, 12 fluconazole, eight griseofulvin, three itraconazole and two terbinafine The incidence rates (IR) of DILI per 10k persons 31.6, 4.9, 4.3, 3.6 and 1.6 for fluconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole and terbinafine, respectively.
Chan et al., 2014 [36] Case study Malaysia 1 34-year-old with elevated liver enzymes due to fluconazole (IV) 200 mg stat followed by IV 100 mg daily. ALT and total bilirubin level further rose to 2394 U/L and 94 μmol/L on day 6
Gayam et al., 2018 [37] Case study US 1 IV fluconazole 200 mg daily On day 3 AST of 25kIU/L, an ALT of 6.5k IU/L, a GGT of 210 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase of 130 IU/L, a total bilirubin 2.3 mg/ dL, and a direct bilirubin 0.4 mg/ dL