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Schematic representation of Mendelian Randomization strategy. Mendelian randomization estimates the causal relationship of the trait (exposure) on other traits (outcome) through genetic variants as instrument variables (IVs). MR studies rely on three main assumptions: i) IVs are strongly associated with the exposure, ii) IVs are not associated with confounders, and iii) IVs affect the outcome solely through the exposure.
