Table 1.
Clinical features of patient populations in included studies
| # | Author | Total cases (N) | Years included | Country | AGE | Male sex % | Microbiology (%) | Prosthetic valve % | Cardiovascular device % | INJECTION DRUG USE % | Mortality % | Required surgery % |
| 1 | Scudeller 200918 | 254 | 2004–2008 | Italy | Mean: 67.0 (SD 14.0) | 66.5 | Enterococci 21.6 S. aureus 17.5 VGS 14.0 |
32.3 | NP | 2.0 | 3 months 20.5 | 40.2 |
| 2 | Fedeli 201126 | 1863 | 2000–2008 | Italy | Median 68.0 (IQR: 57.0–77.0) | 63.0 | Blood culture data S. aureus 29.5 CoNS 6.7 Enterococcus faecalis 12.4 Streptococci 28.6 Secondary code data Streptococci 36.7 S. aureus 17.4 CoNS 6.0 E. faecalis 5.3 |
6.2 | NP | NP | Overall 14.3 | In-patient 37.0 1 year 38.0 |
| 3 | Thornhill 201114 | 2000–2010 | England | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | |
| 4 | Ternhag 201316 | 7609 | 1997–2007 | Sweden | Mean 65.7 (IQR: 55–79) | 59.2 | NP | 11.7 | NP | 4.7 | 30 days—33.7 5 years—14.7 |
5 years follow-up 13.0 |
| 5 | Dayer 20152 | 19 804 | 2000–2013 | England | Mean 59.1 59.0 (SD: 20.3) before 2008, 59.3 (SD 20.8) after 2008 |
68.5 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP |
| 6 | Cresti 20161 | 170 | 1998–2014 | Italy | Mean 65.7(SD: 16.0) | 60.9 | S. aureus 25.0 CoNS 22.0 Streptococcus viridans 15.0 Enterococci 14.0 |
30.0 | NP | 4.0 | 1 year 31.8 In-patient 24.0 | 1 year 46.5; Urgent/emergent 31.8; Operated within 10 days 29.0 |
| 7 | Erichsen 201624 | 5486 | 1994–2011 | Denmark | Mean: 62.7 (no SD provided) | 64.4 | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP |
| 8 | Keller 20163 | 94 364 | 2005–2014 | Germany | NP | NP | Streptococci 20.8 Staphylococci 21.9 |
NP | NP | NP | Overall 17.0 | NP |
| 9 | van den Brink 201631 | 5213 | 2005–2011 | The Netherlands | Mean 67.5 (range: 22.0–97.0) | 69.9. | Staphylococci 36.1 S. aureus 30.1 Streptococci 37.4 |
30.1 | 7.9 | NP | All-cause 36.1% (Median follow-up 4.2 years) | 38.9 |
| 10 | Olmos 201717 | 16 867 | 2003–2014 | Spain | Mean 63.8 (SD: 17.5) | 66.3 | Streptococci 20.4 S. aureus 17.1 Enterococci 13.1 CoNS 12.2 |
18.0 | 1.1 | 2.6 | In-patient 20.4 | 23.0 |
| 11 | Ahtela 201811 | 2611 | 2005–2014 | Finland | Mean 60.0 (SD: 18.3) | 68.2 | NP | 5.5 | 1.5 | NP | 30 days 11.3 | NP |
| 12 | Jordal 201812 | 706 | 1996–2015 | Norway | Mean 59.2 (need to calculate combined SD) | 69.1 |
S. aureus 31.1 VGS 23.1 CoNS 11.5 Enterococci 9.5 |
29.9 | NP | 20.7 | 30 days 12.7 1 year 21.4 |
34.1 |
| 13 | Ortega 201923 | 25 952 | 1997–2014 | Spain | Overall mean: 62.2 (18.6) | 65.9 | Staphylococci 32.7 S. aureus 19.6 Streptococci 2.5 |
9.6 | 6.5; CIED related IE 21.2 | 6.8 | 90 days 26.2 | NP |
| 14 | Jensen 20204 | 7669 | 1997–2017 | Denmark | Median 70.2 (IQR: 58.3–78.8) | 65.2 | NP | 15.9 | 10.9 | NP | NP | NP |
| 15 | Quan 202025 | 1998–2017 | England | NP | NP | Streptococci 49.0 Staphylococci 43.0 |
NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | |
| 16 | Shah 202013 | 7638 | 1990–2014 | Scotland | Mean 65.0 (SD: 17.0) | 49.0 | Staphylococci 42.4 S. aureus 31.7 Streptococci 35.5 Enterococci 8.9 |
NP | NP | NP | 1 year 32.0 30 days 14.7% |
30 days 4.8 1 year 10.6 |
| 17 | Thornhill 202015 | 1998–2018 | England | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | NP | |
| 18 | Vähäsarja10 | 4647 | 2008–2017 | Sweden | Mean 64.9 (range: 17.0–100.0) | 68.0 |
S. aureus 37.0 VGS 24.7% |
NP | NP | NP | NP | In-patient 10.2 |
*The genus and species of the pathogens have been listed as presented in the individual studies. Since the pathogens were grouped differently in each study, it was not possible for us to standardise them.
CIED, cardiac implantable electronic device; CoNS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; IE, infective endocarditis; NP, not provided; VGS, viridans group streptococci.