Table 4.

Comparison of studies reporting risk factors of hand eczema in health care workers from various countries

Study	Country	Number of subjects (HCW)	Prevalence of HE and related symptoms	Risk factors
Lan et al.[1]	China	700	74.5%	> 10 times hand hygiene
Erdem et al.[3]	Turkey	107	50.5%	Female gender
				>20 times/day hand washing
				Low frequency of moisturizer use
				Past history of HE
Metin et al.[5]	Turkey	526	72.5%	Female gender
				>10 times/day hand washing
				Wearing gloves >1 h/day
Celik et al.[6]	Turkey	564	79.3%	Female gender
				Frequent hand washing
				Frequent use of moisturizers
				History of atopic disease
Guertler et al.[2]	Germany	114	90.4%	Increased frequency of hand washing and sanitization
Present study	India	160	65.6%	Female gender
				Wearing gloves >2 h/day
				Past history of HE