TABLE 2.
Application of alginate gels in the tissue regenerations.
| Gel | Activities | Tissues | Descriptions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alginate | Tissue regeneration with protein and cell delivery | Blood vessels | The injected alginate gels into ischemic muscle tissues are beneficial for enduring release of VEGF, and configuration of VEGF gradients in close to tissues (Lee et al., 2003b) |
| Bone | Modified RGD-alginate gels employed for regeneration of femoral rift in rodents with a mum dose of BM (Kolambkar et al., 2011). The controlled delivery of BMP-2 and BMP-7 via alginate gels enhanced osteogenic segregation of bone marrow resulting technology of stem cells (Buket Basmanav et al., 2008) | ||
| Cartilage | Alginate may enhance hydrogenesis, stem cell technology (chondrogenesis) regulates the morphology of cell encapsulation (Dashtdar et al., 2011) and alginate gels promote a rounded morphology to accelerate the differentiation process of cells (Tuan et al., 2003) | ||
| Muscle | Alginate gels facilitated the process of growth factor release, skeletal muscle reformation, stem cell transplantation etc. (Saxena et al., 1999; Levenberg et al., 2005). Alginate gels also used as stimuli-responsive for stimulating myogenesis, combined delivery of VEGF, growth factor-1 like insulin (IGF-1). The growth factor works as a significant muscle formation and regeneration when localized and sustained delivery occurred in the system (Borselli et al., 2010) | ||
| Nerve | Investigation has been done for the remapping of the peripheral and central nervous system by the significant use of alginate gels. Extremely isotropic capillary gels, imported into acute cervical spinal cord lesions in adult rats, incorporated into the spinal cord parenchyma, and assisted axonal regrowth (Prang et al., 2006), as well as the gels of alginate, may help for cell-based neural therapies (Li et al., 2006) | ||
| Pancreas | It is revealed that type I diabetes is curable, placing grafts of alginate gel as the transplantation of encapsulated pancreatic islet. This type of approach has succeeded in Type I diabetes in an animal model experiment without prior immunosuppressive drugs (Lim and Sun, 1980; Lacy et al., 1991; Calafiore, 2003) | ||
| Liver | In the field of tissue engineering, alginate gels wrapping hepatocytes may bid a suitable platform for increasing a bio-artificial liver as they are easily accomplished and stored (Selden and Hodgson, 2004; Koizumi et al., 2007) |