Table I.
Baseline characteristics of women in the EAGeR and BioCycle cohorts by serum 25(OH)D concentrations.
| EAGeR |
BioCycle |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 25(OH)D Sufficient (≥ 30 ng/ml) | 25(OH)D Insufficient (< 30 ng/ml) | p-value | Overall | Vitamin D Subset | 25(OH)D Sufficient (≥ 30 ng/ml) | 25(OH)D Insufficient (< 30 ng/ml) | p-value | |
| N | 1191 | 555 | 636 | 259 | 76 | 35 | 41 | ||
| Age, years | 28.7 ± 4.8 | 28.9 ± 4.8 | 28.6 ± 4.8 | 0.36 | 27.3 ± 8.2 | 28.4 ± 8.6 | 28.4 ± 8.6 | 28.4 ± 8.7 | 0.99 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.3 ± 6.6 | 24.5 ± 5.1 | 27.8 ± 7.3 | <0.0001 | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 23.7 ± 3.5 | 23.3 ± 3.3 | 24 ± 3.7 | 0.36 |
| Race, n (%) | <0.0001 | NA | |||||||
| White | 1128 (94.7) | 542 (97.7) | 586 (92.1) | 148 (59.2) | 76 (100) | 35 (100) | 41 (100) | ||
| Non-White | 63 (5.3) | 13 (2.3) | 50 (7.9) | 102 (40.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Married or living with partner, n (%) | 1162 (97.6) | 542 (97.7) | 620 (97.5) | 1 | 65 (26) | 27 (35.5) | 15 (42.9) | 12 (29.3) | 0.24 |
| Education > high school, n (%) | 1033 (86.7) | 491 (88.5) | 542 (85.2) | 0.10 | 226 (87.3) | 70 (92.1) | 32 (91.4) | 38 (92.7) | 1 |
| Income, n (%) | 0.0004 | 0.21 | |||||||
| ≥ $100 000 | 470 (39.5) | 209 (37.7) | 261 (41.1) | 24 (9.3) | 8 (10.5) | 3 (8.6) | 5 (12.2) | ||
| $75 000–$99 999 | 147 (12.4) | 84 (15.1) | 63 (9.9) | 45 (17.5) | 13 (17.1) | 9 (25.7) | 4 (9.8) | ||
| $40 000–$74 999 | 174 (14.6) | 99 (17.8) | 75 (11.8) | 72 (28) | 29 (38.2) | 15 (42.9) | 14 (34.1) | ||
| $20 000–$39 999 | 307 (25.8) | 128 (23.1) | 179 (28.2) | 61 (23.7) | 15 (19.7) | 5 (14.3) | 10 (24.4) | ||
| ≤ $19 999 | 92 (7.7) | 35 (6.3) | 57 (9.0) | 55 (21.4) | 11 (14.5) | 3 (8.6) | 8 (19.5) | ||
| Current smokers, n (%) | 148 (12.5) | 69 (12.5) | 79 (12.5) | 1 | 5 (6.6) | 3 (8.6) | 2 (4.9) | 0.66 | |
| Parity, n (%) | 0.09 | 0.21 | |||||||
| Nulliparous | 550 (46.2) | 271 (48.8) | 279 (43.9) | 187 (73.9) | 53 (70.7) | 22 (62.9) | 31 (77.5) | ||
| Parous (1 or 2 prior live births) | 641 (53.8) | 284 (51.2) | 357 (56.1) | 66 (26.1) | 22 (29.3) | 13 (37.1) | 9 (22.5) | ||
| Ever used hormonal contraception/meds, n (%) | 907 (80.1) | 435 (81.6) | 472 (78.8) | 0.26 | 140 (54.9) | 45 (60.0) | 22 (62.9) | 23 (57.5) | 0.81 |
| Age at menarche, years | 12.7 ± 1.5 | 12.8 ± 1.5 | 12.7 ± 1.5 | 0.21 | 12.5 ± 1.2 | 12.5 ± 1.1 | 12.7 ± 1.1 | 12.4 ± 1.0 | 0.21 |
| Age for periods to become regular, year | 14.3 ± 4.5 | 14.4 ± 4.5 | 14.3 ± 4.5 | 0.85 | 14.8 ± 2.9 | 15 ± 3.0 | 14.9 ± 2.6 | 15.1 ± 3.4 | 0.76 |
| Usual menstrual bleeding, days | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 5.1 ± 2.1 | 0.52 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 0.58 |
| Usual cycle length over last 12 months, days | 29.2 ± 4 | 29.2 ± 4.1 | 29.3 ± 3.9 | 0.84 | 28.4 ± 2.2 | 28.3 ± 2.4 | 28.2 ± 2.6 | 28.3 ± 2.2 | 0.85 |
| Shortest cycle length in last 12 months, days | 26.2 ± 4.6 | 26 ± 4.8 | 26.3 ± 4.3 | 0.34 | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 25.3 ± 3.8 | 24.8 ± 4 | 25.6 ± 3.7 | 0.37 |
| Longest cycle in last 12 months, days | 33.9 ± 9.8 | 33.4 ± 8.5 | 34.3 ± 11 | 0.17 | 31.3 ± 6.2 | 31.6 ± 5.2 | 30.9 ± 2.8 | 32.2 ± 6.6 | 0.30 |
| Describe regularity of period in the last 12 months, n (%) | 0.05 | 1 | |||||||
| Yes | 939 (82.9) | 439 (81.6) | 500 (84) | 249 (96.1) | 70 (92.1) | 33 (94.3) | 37 (90.2) | ||
| No | 138 (12.2) | 77 (14.3) | 61 (10.3) | 6 (2.3) | 5 (6.6) | 2 (5.7) | 3 (7.3) | ||
| Don’t Know | 56 (4.9) | 22 (4.1) | 34 (5.7) | 4 (1.5) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.4) | ||
| Number of previous pregnancy losses, n (%) | 0.85 | 0.53 | |||||||
| 0 | 43 (55.8) | 15 (62.5) | 9 (69.2) | 6 (54.5) | |||||
| 1 | 799 (67.1) | 425 (66.8) | 374 (67.4) | 22 (28.6) | 8 (33.3) | 4 (30.8) | 4 (36.4) | ||
| 2 | 392 (32.9) | 211 (33.2) | 181 (32.6) | 10 (13) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) | ||
| 3 | 2 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| SSRI exposure at baseline, n (%) | |||||||||
| Yes | 168 (14.2) | 89 (14.1) | 79 (14.3) | 0.93 | |||||
| No | 1015 (85.8) | 543 (85.9) | 472 (85.7) | ||||||
| Depression scale | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 0.21 | ||||
| Alcohol intake, n(%) | 0.002 | 0.05 | |||||||
| Often | 26 (2.2) | 14 (2.2) | 12 (2.2) | 19 (7.3) | 7 (9.2) | 4 (11.4) | 3 (7.3) | ||
| Sometimes | 368 (31.3) | 168 (26.8) | 200 (36.4) | 153 (59.1) | 56 (73.7) | 29 (82.9) | 27 (65.9) | ||
| Never | 782 (66.5) | 445 (71) | 337 (61.4) | 87 (33.6) | 13 (17.1) | 2 (5.7) | 11 (26.8) | ||
| CRP, mg/L | 1.14 ± 2.91 | 1.32 ± 2.93 | 0.97 ± 2.82 | <0.001 | 0.63 ± 2.65 | 0.69 ± 2.30 | 0.67 ± 2.33 | 0.71 ± 2.30 | 0.75 |
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CRP, high sensitivity c-reactive protein; EAGeR, Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.