Table IV.
Association between markers of vitamin D metabolism and moderate/severe physical premenstrual symptoms during the premenstrual week in the BioCycle study.
| BioCycle study | iPTH (continuous) per 5 pg/ml | 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (continuous) per 10 pmol/l | FGF23 (continuous) per 5 pg/ml | Calcium (continuous) per 0.1 mg/dl |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of moderate/severe physical symptoms | ||||
| Unadjusted β (95% CI) | 0.06 (−0.10, 0.22) | 0.02 (−0.15, 0.19) | 0.02 (−0.13, 0.17) | 0.02 (−0.10, 0.13) |
| Adjusted 1: β (95% CI) | −0.01 (−0.18, 0.16) | −0.06 (−0.25, 0.13) | 0.03 (−0.14, 0.20) | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.20) |
| Adjusted 2: β (95% CI) | −0.06 (−0.23, 0.12) | −0.08 (−0.27, 0.12) | 0.00 (−0.18, 0.19) | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.21) |
| Swelling of hands or feet | ||||
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.23 (0.96, 1.59) | 0.89 (0.62, 1.26) | 0.97 (0.70, 1.35) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.10) |
| Adjusted 1: RR (95% CI) | 1.26 (0.72, 2.21) | 0.86 (0.50, 1.49) | 1.32 (0.63, 2.76) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) |
| Adjusted 2: RR (95% CI) | 1.04 (0.58, 1.88) | 0.86 (0.50, 1.49) | 1.00 (0.52, 1.91) | 1.13 (0.87, 1.47) |
| Breast tenderness or fullness | ||||
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.24) | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.30) | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) |
| Adjusted 1: RR (95% CI) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.25) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.16) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.28) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.07) |
| Adjusted 2: RR (95% CI) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.18) | 1.02 (0.73, 1.43) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.10) |
| Abdominal bloating | ||||
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) |
| Adjusted 1: RR (95% CI) | 0.90 (0.78, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
| Adjusted 2: RR (95% CI) | 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.12) | 0.89 (0.71, 1.11) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.14) |
| Lower abdominal cramping | ||||
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.18) | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) |
| Adjusted 1: RR (95% CI) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.15) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.15) | 1.08 (0.87, 1.35) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.18)* |
| Adjusted 2: RR (95% CI) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.21) | 0.97 (0.79, 1.19) | 1.09 (0.78, 1.52) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.19) |
| Generalized aches and pains | ||||
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | 0.9 (0.70, 1.15) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.21) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) |
| Adjusted 1: RR (95% CI) | 0.82 (0.63, 1.07) | 1.07 (0.82, 1.41) | 0.99 (0.78, 1.26) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) |
| Adjusted 2: RR (95% CI) | 0.82 (0.63, 1.07) | 0.99 (0.62, 1.58) | 1.03 (0.69, 1.54) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.23) |
| Lower backache | ||||
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.20) | 1.06 (0.09, 1.25) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) |
| Adjusted 1: RR (95% CI) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.22) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.31) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.33) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.19) |
| Adjusted 2: RR (95% CI) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.21) | 1.04 (0.82, 1.30) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.29) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) |
| Headache | ||||
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.22) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.15) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) |
| Adjusted 1: RR (95% CI) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.23) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.15) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.31) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) |
| Adjusted 2: RR (95% CI) | 0.97 (0.79, 1.20) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.29) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.36) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) |
| Fatigue | ||||
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) |
| Adjusted 1: RR (95% CI) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.21) | 0.98 (0.79, 1.20) | 0.88 (0.71, 1.08) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) |
| Adjusted 2: RR (95% CI) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.22) | 0.92 (0.67, 1.26) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.04) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.15) |
| Insomnia | ||||
| Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | 0.95 (0.61, 1.49) | 1.2 (0.77, 1.87) | 0.82 (0.48, 1.41) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) |
| Adjusted 1: RR (95% CI) | 0.92 (0.48, 1.75) | 1.00 (0.64, 1.54) | 0.93 (0.49, 1.77) | 1.14 (0.90, 1.45) |
| Adjusted 2: RR (95% CI) | 1.07 (0.44, 2.63) | 0.94 (0.49, 1.83) | 0.97 (0.38, 2.53) | 1.06 (0.82, 1.36) |
FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; RR, risk ratio.
Bold results are significant at α = 0.05.
*
Indicates comparisons that survived adjustment for false discovery rate.
Adjusted 1 model controls for age, BMI, smoking status, race, income, exercise, season of blood draw.
Adjusted 2 model controls for the variables in Adjusted 1 as well as depression, education, alcohol, CRP (high sensitivity c-reactive protein), and parity.