Table 3:
Associations of altitude as a categorical variable and change in altitude as a categorical variable and depression, anxiety, and suicidality among participants in the Intern Health Study (N = 3,731). Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) are shown in bold text; “ref.” indicates a reference value for the parameter.
| Altitude of residency as a categorical variable | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHQ-9 Total Score | GAD-7 Total Score | Any Suicidal Ideation (PHQ-9 Item #9 >0) | ||||||||||
| Parameter | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |||
| Low altitude (<900m) | ref. | - | - | - | ref. | - | - | - | ref. | - | - | - |
| High altitude (≥900m) | 1.32 | 1.00 | 1.75 | <0.05 | 1.27 | 1.06 | 1.72 | 0.1 | 1.79 | 1.08 | 2.97 | 0.02 |
| Baseline depression | 7.48 | 5.58 | 10.0 | <.0001 | 4.10 | 3.18 | 5.29 | <.0001 | 5.08 | 3.57 | 7.22 | <.0001 |
| Age | 1.01 | 0.993 | 1.04 | 0.2 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.7 | 1.02 | 0.977 | 1.06 | 0.4 |
| Sex (=F) | 1.48 | 1.32 | 1.65 | <.0001 | 1.57 | 1.41 | 1.75 | <.0001 | 0.953 | 0.767 | 1.19 | 0.7 |
| Caucasian race | 0.993 | 0.890 | 1.11 | 0.9 | 1.12 | 1.01 | 1.25 | 0.04 | 0.740 | 0.591 | 0.927 | 0.01 |
| Baseline anxiety | 3.80 | 2.83 | 5.10 | <.0001 | 7.82 | 5.87 | 10.4 | <.0001 | 2.89 | 1.98 | 4.21 | <.0001 |
| Personal history of depression | 2.07 | 1.86 | 2.31 | <.0001 | 1.95 | 1.75 | 2.17 | <.0001 | 2.70 | 2.15 | 3.38 | <.0001 |
| Average sleep in last week | 0.727 | 0.690 | 0.766 | <.0001 | 0.787 | 0.748 | 0.828 | <.0001 | 0.914 | 0.835 | 1.00 | 0.05 |
| Change in altitude between medical school and residency as a categorical variable | ||||||||||||
| PHQ-9 Total Score | GAD-7 Total Score | Any Suicidal Ideation (PHQ-9 Item #9 >0) | ||||||||||
| Parameter | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |||
| Staying at low altitude | ref. | - | - | - | ref. | - | - | - | ref. | - | - | - |
| Staying at high altitude | 0.840 | 0.459 | 1.54 | 0.6 | 0.887 | 0.478 | 1.64 | 0.7 | 0.947 | 0.852 | 1.05 | 0.3 |
| Moving from high to low altitude | 1.27 | 0.893 | 1.82 | 0.2 | 1.36 | 0.934 | 1.98 | 0.1 | 1.08 | 0.974 | 1.21 | 0.1 |
| Moving from low to high altitude | 1.47 | 1.09 | 1.98 | 0.01 | 1.40 | 1.00 | 1.95 | <0.05 | 1.10 | 1.01 | 1.19 | 0.02 |
| Baseline depression | 7.53 | 5.62 | 10.1 | <.0001 | 4.11 | 3.19 | 5.29 | <.0001 | 1.54 | 1.36 | 1.75 | <.0001 |
| Age | 1.01 | 0.990 | 1.04 | 0.3 | 1.00 | 0.981 | 1.02 | 0.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.4 |
| Sex (=F) | 1.48 | 1.32 | 1.65 | <.0001 | 1.57 | 1.41 | 1.75 | <.0001 | 0.989 | 0.970 | 1.01 | 0.2 |
| Caucasian race | 0.986 | 0.885 | 1.10 | 0.8 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 1.24 | <0.05 | 0.972 | 0.952 | 0.992 | 0.01 |
| Baseline anxiety | 3.74 | 2.79 | 5.02 | <.0001 | 7.69 | 5.75 | 10.3 | <.0001 | 1.24 | 1.12 | 1.37 | <.0001 |
| Personal history of depression | 0.484 | 0.435 | 0.539 | <.0001 | 0.516 | 0.465 | 0.573 | <.0001 | 0.930 | 0.913 | 0.947 | <.0001 |
| Average sleep in last week | 0.724 | 0.688 | 0.762 | <.0001 | 0.784 | 0.746 | 0.824 | <.0001 | 0.992 | 0.984 | 1.00 | 0.04 |