Appendix 5—table 1. Protein sizes (number of codons) and diffusion coefficients.

Unless otherwise noted, number of codons per protein are taken for E. coli (Keseler et al., 2017) (ribosome size taken from Wittmann, 1982). ^#For the ternary complex, the total mass of tRNA+EF-Tu was converted to an equivalent amino acid length for the diffusion constant scaling estimate. ^†For aaRS, the size for the summed aaRSs is, from the coarse graining, ${\mathrm{\ell }}_{aaRS}={\sum }_i{\varphi }_{aaRS,i}/{\sum }_i({\varphi }_{aaRS,i}/{\mathrm{\ell }}_{aaRS,i})$, here with proteome fractions estimated from ribosome profiling (Li et al., 2014) in E. coli and sizes accounting for varying complex stoichiometries. Measured diffusion coefficients are taken from: Bakshi et al., 2012; Sanamrad et al., 2014 for the ribosome, from Plochowietz et al., 2017; Volkov et al., 2018 for tRNAs, and from Volkov et al., 2018 for the TC.

Factor	Number of codon per protein	Diffusion coefficient (µm2 s−1)
Ribosome	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{ribo}=7336$	$D_{ribo}=0.05\pm 0.01$
30S subunit	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{30S}=3108$	$D_{subunits}=0.2\pm 0.1$
TC	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{TC}={630}^{\mathrm{\#}}$	$D_{TC}=3\pm 0.5$
tRNA	N/A	$D_{tRNA}=8\pm 1$
IF1	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{IF1}=72$	${\displaystyle D_{IF1}=D_{TC}\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\ell }_{TC}}{{\ell }_{IF1}}}}$
IF2	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{IF2}=890$	${\displaystyle D_{IF2}=D_{TC}\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\ell }_{TC}}{{\ell }_{IF2}}}}$
IF3	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{IF3}=180$	${\displaystyle D_{IF3}=D_{TC}\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\ell }_{TC}}{{\ell }_{IF3}}}}$
EF-G	${\mathrm{\ell }}_G=704$	${\displaystyle D_G=D_{TC}\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\ell }_{TC}}{{\ell }_G}}}$
EF-Ts	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{Ts}=283$	${\displaystyle D_{Ts}=D_{TC}\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\ell }_{TC}}{{\ell }_{Ts}}}}$
EF-Tu	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{Tu}=394$	${\displaystyle D_{Tu}=D_{TC}\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\ell }_{TC}}{{\ell }_{Tu}}}}$
aaRS	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{aaRS}={987}^{†}$	${\displaystyle D_{aaRS}=D_{TC}\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\ell }_{TC}}{{\ell }_{aaRS}}}}$
RF1/RF2	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{RFI}=362$	${\displaystyle D_{RFI}=D_{TC}\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\ell }_{TC}}{{\ell }_{RFI}}}}$
RF4	${\mathrm{\ell }}_{RF4}=185$	${\displaystyle D_{RF4}=D_{TC}\sqrt[3]{\frac{{\ell }_{TC}}{{\ell }_{RF4}}}}$