Table 1.
Continuous glucose monitoring system parameters of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and postpartum
| During pregnancy | First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | Postpartum | P a | P b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pairs of CGMS-HbA1c | 233 | 89 | 61 | 83 | 39 | – | – |
| Age at pregnancy, y | 28.80 ± 3.90 | 29.23 ± 4.04 | 28.06 ± 3.52 | 28.50 ± 3.55 | 26.30 ± 4.23 | .146 | .846 |
| Diabetes duration at pregnancy, y | 8.72 ± 6.10 | 8.98 ± 5.95 | 8.78 ± 6.24 | 8.42 ± 6.22 | 8.65 ± 5.81 | .899 | .732 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.49 ± ± 1.29 | 6.68 ± 1.47 | 6.01 ± 0.57 | 6.20 ± 0.82 | 6.88 ± 1.31 | .189 | .131 |
| TIR (3.5-7.8mmol/L), %, median (IQR) | 76.16 ± 17.97 | 71.10 ± 18.93 | 78.34 ± 17.29 | 79.91 ± 16.31 | 63.94 ± 21.87 | .001 | .001 |
| TIR (3.9-10.0 mmol/L), %, median (IQR) | 86.65 ± 12.33 | 83.19 ± 13.77 | 87.53 ± 11.51 | 89.67 ± 10.37 | 79.73 ± 15.37 | .001 | .001 |
| TBR (< 3.5 mmol/L), %, median (IQR) | 1.23 (0.09-4.04) | 1.92 (0.19-4.46) | 1.38 (0-4.51) | 0.97 (0.11-2.79) | 1.39 (0.11-4.92) | .436 | .042 |
| TBR (< 3.0 mmol/L), %, median (IQR) | 0 (0-1.00) | 0(0-1.13) | 0(0-1.06) | 0 (0-0.42) | 0 (0-1.52) | .194 | .031 |
| TAR (> 7.8 mmol/L), %, median (IQR) | 15.92 (8.27-28.91) | 20.60 (11.54-24.97) | 13.73 (6.34-24.97) | 12.88 (5.90-24.68) | 29.75 (13.67-45.51) | .001 | .005 |
| Mean glucose, mmol/L | 6.49 ± 1.11 | 6.72 ± 1.27 | 6.34 ± 1.07 | 6.36 ± 0.93 | 7.11 ± 1.46 | .013 | .083 |
| SD, mmol/L | 0.10 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.05 | .001 | .001 |
| CV, % | 27.60 ± 9.31 | 30.57 ± 10.78 | 26.74 ± 7.82 | 25.09 ± 7.71 | 31.53 ± 10.43 | .001 | .001 |
| MAGE, mmol/L | 4.56 ± 2.10 | 5.25 ± 2.64 | 4.34 ± 1.59 | 4.00 ± 1.56 | 5.83 ± 2.57 | .001 | .001 |
| HBGI, median (IQR) | 0.95 (0.45-2.14) | 1.37 (0.62-3.20) | 0.89 (0.41-1.67) | 0.72 (0.34-1.61) | 2.73 (0.86-4.05) | .001 | .005 |
| LBGI, median (IQR) | 1.43 (0.73-2.39) | 1.52 (0.66-2.47) | 1.58 (0.70-2.45) | 1.37 (0.80-2.15) | 2.21 (0.68-2.60) | .822 | .629 |
Data are presented in mean ± SD unless otherwise noted.
Abbreviations: CGMS, continuous glucose monitoring system; CV, coefficient of variation; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HBGI, high blood glucose indices; IQR, interquartile range; LBGI, low blood glucose indices; MAGE, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; TAR, time above range; TBR, time below range; TIR, time in range.
a P value for comparison between 3 trimesters and postpartum.
b P value for comparison between 3 trimesters during pregnancy.