Table 1.
Characteristics of the study populations: the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study (NEO, discovery cohort) and the Oxford Biobank (OBB, replication cohort)
| Characteristic | NEO (N = 6347) | OBB (N = 6317) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex, % men | 43 | 43 |
| At age 20 y | ||
| Body weight, kg | 65.7 (11.3) | 66.2 (12.8) |
| BMI | 21.9 (2.7) | 22.5 (3.4) |
| At middle age | ||
| Age, range, y | 56 (45-65) | 42 (29-56) |
| Time between age 20 and middle age, y | 36 (31-41) | 22 (17-26) |
| Body weight, kg | 79.1 (15.9) | 76.1 (15.9) |
| Height, m | 1.73 (0.1) | 1.71 (0.1) |
| BMI | 26.3 (4.5) | 25.8 (4.5) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 92.1 (13.4) | 86.7 (12.8) |
| Relative weight gain, % | 20.9 (17.5) | 15.7 (16.5) |
| Absolute weight gain, kg | 13.4 (11.1) | 9.9 (10.7) |
| Absolute weight gain, kg/m2 | 4.5 (3.7) | 3.6 (3.7) |
| Annual weight gain, kg/m2 | 0.13 (0.11) | 0.16 (0.19) |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.3 (5.0-5.7) | 5.2 (4.9-5.5) |
| HOMA-IR | 1.9 (1.2-2.9) | 2.7 (2.0-3.6) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) | 0.9 (0.7-1.3) |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.4) |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.3 (0.9) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.7 (1.1) | 5.2 (1.0) |
| Glucose-lowering medication, %a | 5.1 | 0 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, %b | 15.4 | 0 |
Data are presented as mean (SD or range), median (25th–75th percentile) or percentage. Results in the NEO study were based on analyses weighted toward the BMI distribution of the general population (N = 6347).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
a Use of glucose-lowering medication included oral medication and insulin.
b Use of lipid-lowering medication included fibrates and statins.