Table 1.
Participant characteristics for CAH and control youth
| CAH (n = 23) | Controls (n = 33) | Group difference (P-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 12.95 (3.49) | 13.13 (2.77) | 0.83 |
| Female, n (%) | 14 (60.9%) | 20 (60.6%) | 0.98 |
| Right-handed, n (%) | 22 (95.7%) | 28 (84.8%) | 0.20 |
| IQa | 99.17 (17.35) | 104.27 (14.77) | 0.24 |
| Bone age, yearr | 13.67 (3.10) | 13.27 (2.76) | 0.61 |
| Bone age SD | 1.45 (3.35) | 0.13 (0.62) | 0.03 |
| Tanner stageb | 2.96 (1.69) | 3.39 (1.62) | 0.33 |
| TS 1-2: F = 5; M = 6; TS 3-5: F = 9; M = 3 | TS 1-2: F = 5; M = 7; TS 3-5: F = 15; M = 6 | ||
| BMIzc | 1.64 (0.83) | 0.82 (0.93) | 0.001 |
| Maternal education, year | n = 22; 13.36 (3.14) | N = 32; 15.06 (3.41) | 0.07 |
| Household income, n (%) | n = 21 | N = 32 | 0.54 |
| Less than $50k | 11 (52.4) | 14 (43.8) | |
| Greater than or equal to $50k | 10 (47.6) | 18 (56.2) | |
| Race, n (%)d | 0.71 | ||
| Asian | 1 (4.3) | 2 (6.1) | |
| Black or African American | 2 (8.7) | 4 (12.1) | |
| White | 10 (43.5) | 16 (48.5) | |
| More than 1 race | 2 (8.7) | 2 (6.1) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 3 | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.20 | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 9 (39.1) | 19 (57.6) | |
| Motione | 0.78 (0.37) | 0.77 (0.33) | 0.93 |
| Type, n (%) | |||
| Salt-wasting | 21 (91.3) | — | |
| Simple-virilizing | 2 (8.7) | — | |
| Newborn diagnosis, n (%) | 10 (43.5) | — | |
| Glucocorticoid total daily dose, mg/m2/day | |||
| Mean (SD) | 16.66 (5.01) | — | |
| Range | 7.94-29.60 | — | |
| Fludrocortisone total daily dose (mg) | n = 22 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 0.12 (0.04) | — | |
| Range | 0.05-0.20 | — | |
| Plasma renin activity, ng/mL/h or μg/L/h | |||
| Mean (SD) | 3.65 (2.58) | — | |
| Range | 0.12-9.19 | — | |
| 17-OHP, ng/dL [nmol/L] | n = 22 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 3761.27 (5084.67) [113.82 (153.87)] | — | |
| Range | 44.00-19966.00 [1.33-604.19] | — | |
| Testosterone, ng/dL [nmol/L] | |||
| Mean (SD) | 82.70 (166.97) [2.87 (5.79)] | — | |
| Range | 0.99-623.00 [0.03-21.6] | — | |
| Androstenedione, ng/dL [nmol/L] | |||
| Mean (SD) | 166.83 (243.49) [5.83 (8.50)] | — | |
| Range | 10.00-881.00 [0.35-30.76] | — |
Mean ± SD unless otherwise noted. Bold denotes P < 0.05 uncorrected.
Abbreviation: 17-OHP, 17-hydroxyprogesterone; CAH, congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
a General intelligence measured by the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence II.
b Pubertal development assessed by a physical using Tanner staging (TS) criteria.
c BMI z-score (BMIz) calculated using the SAS program based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Growth Charts.
d Individuals were asked to self-identify by choosing as many of these options that may apply (white; black or African American; Asian; American Indian or Alaska Native; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders; Other). More than 1 race indicates more than 1 option was selected.
e Motion calculated using an automated QC script measuring mean volume-to-volume translation (root mean square).