Table 2.
Body weight, hepatic lipid content and indices of insulin sensitivity (mean ± SEM) at baseline and intervention
| Outcome | Aspartame (n = 23) | HFCS (n = 28) | Sucrose (n = 24) | Testing effect of: | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg) 1 | SB group* | 0.080 | |||
| Baseline | 71.8 ± 2.2 | 72.9 ± 2.7 | 71.9 ± 2.5 | — | — |
| Intervention | 71.7 ± 2.2 | 73.7 ± 2.8 | 72.4 ± 2.6 | — | — |
| Hepatic lipid (MRI-PDFF, %) 2 | SB group | 0.020 | |||
| Baseline | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | SB group w/ΔBWa | 0.027 |
| Intervention | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | ΔBWb | 0.041 |
| Matsuda ISI (arbitrary units) 3 | SB group | 0.0022 | |||
| Baseline | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | SB group w/ΔBW | 0.0011 |
| Intervention | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | ΔBW | 0.19 |
| Predicted M ISI (arbitrary units) 4 | SB group | 0.045 | |||
| Baseline | 1.5 ± 0.14 | 1.5 ± 0.16 | 1.5 ± 0.18 | — | — |
| Intervention | 1.6 ± 0.055 | 1.5 ± 0.065 | 1.4 ± 0.058 | — | — |
| OGTT glucose AUC (mg/dL × 3 hours) 5 | SB group | 0.0063 | |||
| Baseline | 27893 ± 926 | 27719 ± 755 | 27572 ± 834 | SB group w/ΔBW | 0.0048 |
| Intervention | 26788 ± 810 | 29246 ± 1137 | 28605 ± 661 | ΔBW | 0.42 |
| OGTT insulin AUC (µU/mL × 3 hours) 6 | SB group | 0.0003 | |||
| Baseline | 15943 ± 2205 | 14631 ± 1156 | 15541 ± 2359 | SB group w/ΔBW | 0.0003 |
| Intervention | 13882 ± 1666 | 17916 ± 1761 | 17311 ± 1757 | ΔBW | 0.53 |
| FST glucose (mg/dL)7 | SB group | 0.38 | |||
| Baseline | 91.1 ± 1.4 | 90.5 ± 1.3 | 93.4 ± 1.2 | SB group w/ΔBW | 0.32 |
| Intervention | 88.6 ± 1.4 | 89.3 ± 1.2 | 92.0 ± 1.1 | ΔBW | 0.36 |
| FST insulin (µU/mL) 8 | SB group | 0.40 | |||
| baseline | 13.2 ± 1.0 | 13.2 ± 0.9 | 13.3 ± 1.0 | SB group w/ΔBW | 0.33 |
| Intervention | 13.1 ± 1.1 | 14.5 ± 1.3 | 14.4 ± 1.1 | ΔBW | 0.45 |
| HOMA-IR (arbitrary units)9 | SB group | 0.48 | |||
| Baseline | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | SB group w/ΔBW | 0.41 |
| Intervention | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | ΔBW | 0.46 |
*Effect of SB group on the absolute change of outcome in the primary 2-factor (SB group, sex) ANCOVA model that included adjustment for BMI1,2,4,7,8,9, outcome at baseline3,5,6,7,9, and/or SB group × sex6,8,9; log-transformed values used 2,6,9; aeffect of SB group in the ANCOVA that included adjustment for the ΔBW; beffect of ΔBW in the secondary ANCOVA; Δ, absolute change; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; FST, fasting.