Table 2.
Unadjusted mean daily intakes of foods and beverages overall and by food security status for 1,033 college students with meal plans at a large, public Midwestern university: survey data from November 2018
| Total (n=1,033) | Food secure (n=891) | Food insecure (n=142) | P-value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Screener Questionnaire b | ||||
| Fruits, cup equivalents, (SE) | 1.07 (0.02) | 1.09 (0.02) | 0.97 (0.04) | 0.003 |
| Vegetables including legumes, cup equivalents, (SE) | 1.54 (0.01) | 1.56 (0.02) | 1.37 (0.03) | <.0001 |
| Whole grains, ounce equivalents, (SE) | 0.78 (0.01) | 0.78 (0.01) | 0.78 (0.03) | 0.79 |
| Dairy, cup equivalents, (SE) | 1.94 (0.03) | 1.93 (0.03) | 2.01 (0.07) | 0.25 |
| Added sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages, teaspoon equivalents, (SE) | 5.95 (0.11) | 5.87 (0.11) | 6.46 (0.37) | 0.02 |
| Added sugars total, teaspoon equivalents, (SE) | 16.77 (0.17) | 16.66 (0.18) | 17.48 (0.56) | 0.07 |
| Calcium, milligrams, (SE) | 1104 (8.7) | 1104 (9.4) | 1110 (22.2) | 0.79 |
| Fiber, grams, (SE) | 17.72 (0.12) | 17.89 (0.13) | 16.65 (0.25) | <.0001 |
| Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) c | ||||
| Total sugar-sweetened beverages, ounces, (SE) | 9.90 (0.50) | 9.16 (0.46) | 14.56 (2.27) | 0.05 |
| Regular (sweetened) soda, ounces, (SE) | 2.04 (0.17) | 1.95 (0.18) | 2.61 (0.58) | 0.3 |
| Fruit drinks, ounces, (SE) | 1.87 (0.17) | 1.74 (0.17) | 2.65 (0.58) | 0.29 |
| Energy and sports drinks, ounces, (SE) | 0.66 (0.09) | 0.55 (0.08) | 1.31 (0.44) | 0.08 |
| Sweetened teas, ounces, (SE) | 1.28 (0.14) | 1.09 (0.10) | 2.45 (0.76) | 0.31 |
| Sweetened coffees, ounces, (SE) | 1.97 (0.22) | 1.80 (0.20) | 3.09 (0.95) | 0.14 |
| Flavored milk, ounces, (SE) | 2.08 (0.21) | 2.02 (0.23) | 2.45 (0.55) | 0.15 |
| Plain milk, ounces, (SE) | 4.59 (0.27) | 4.67 (0.30) | 4.11 (0.60) | 0.73 |
| 100% fruit juice, ounces, (SE) | 2.75 (0.19) | 2.68 (0.20) | 3.16 (0.52) | 0.05 |
| Diet soda, ounces, (SE) | 1.20 (0.18) | 1.07 (0.17) | 1.99 (0.69) | 0.26 |
| Plain tea/ coffee, ounces, (SE) | 3.14 (0.28) | 3.04 (0.28) | 3.76 (1.04) | 0.35 |
| Water, ounces, (SE) | 55.77 (1.07) | 56.10 (1.14) | 53.69 (2.98) | 0.48 |
Differences in continuous food variables between food-secure and food-insecure groups assessed using simple linear regression with a gamma distribution and a log-link function. Differences in continuous beverage variables between food-secure and food-insecure groups assessed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
The Dietary Screener Questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake, including fruit, vegetable, dairy, whole grain, fiber, calcium, and sugar intake.
The Beverage Intake Questionnaire (BEV-Q) was used to assess beverage intake, including juice, milk, coffee/tea, and sugar-sweetened beverages.