Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Randomization Group
| Characteristic | DSE (n=1954) | ILI (n=1984) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 58.3 ± 6.7 | 58.0 ± 6.5 | 0.180 |
| Age Category (years), No. (%) | 0.376 | ||
| 45 – 55 | 646 (33.1%) | 673 (33.9%) | |
| 56 – 65 | 1019 (52.1%) | 1048 (52.8%) | |
| 66 – 76 | 289 (14.8%) | 263 (13.3%) | |
| Sex, No. (%) | 0.277 | ||
| Male | 745 (38.1%) | 790 (39.8%) | |
| Female | 1209 (61.9%) | 1194 (60.2%) | |
| Race, No. (%) | 0.859 | ||
| African American / Black (not Hispanic) | 331 (16.9%) | 319 (16.1%) | |
| American Indian / Native American / Alaskan Native | 107 ( 5.5%) | 108 ( 5.4%) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 16 ( 0.8%) | 23 ( 1.2%) | |
| White | 1208 (61.8%) | 1225 (61.7%) | |
| Hispanic | 250 (12.8%) | 267 (13.5%) | |
| Other/Mixed | 42 ( 2.1%) | 42 ( 2.1%) | |
| Years of Education, No. (%) | 0.187 | ||
| < 13 years | 382 (20.1%) | 388 (20.0%) | |
| 13 – 16 years | 748 (39.4%) | 716 (36.9%) | |
| > 16 years | 768 (40.5%) | 839 (43.2%) | |
| Body Mass Index, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 36.0 ± 5.8 | 35.7 ± 5.9 | 0.118 |
| SBP, mean ± SD, mmHg | 129.1 ± 16.7 | 127.1 ± 16.9 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mean ± SD, mmHg | 70.3 ± 9.5 | 69.9 ± 9.5 | 0.157 |
| Baseline Smoking, No. (%) | 0.497 | ||
| Never | 1023 (52.4%) | 1010 (51.0%) | |
| Past | 852 (43.7%) | 882 (44.5%) | |
| Present | 76 ( 3.9%) | 89 ( 4.5%) | |
| Diabetes Duration (years), No. (%) | 0.522 | ||
| < 5 years | 898 (46.3%) | 932 (47.3%) | |
| 5+ years | 1041 (53.7%) | 1037 (52.7%) | |
| Baseline Insulin Use, No. (%) | 0.963 | ||
| No | 1592 (84.7%) | 1624 (84.7%) | |
| Yes | 287 (15.3%) | 294 (15.3%) | |
| Baseline Hypertension, No. (%) | 0.445 | ||
| No | 355 (18.2%) | 342 (17.2%) | |
| Yes | 1599 (81.8%) | 1642 (82.8%) | |
| Baseline CVD History, No. (%) | 0.393 | ||
| No | 1729 (88.5%) | 1738 (87.6%) | |
| Yes | 225 (11.5%) | 246 (12.4%) | |
| BDI>24 Severe Depression, No. (%) | 0.143 | ||
| No | 1940 (99.7%) | 1971 (99.4%) | |
| Yes | 5 ( 0.3%) | 11 ( 0.6%) | |
| APOE ε4 carrier status, No. (%) | 0.584 | ||
| No | 1228 (77.4%) | 1278 (76.6%) | |
| Yes | 358 (22.6%) | 390 (23.4%) |
Abbreviations: APOE ε4=Apolipoprotein E gene, ε4 carrier status; BDI=Beck Depression Inventory; CVD=cardiovascular disease; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; DSE=diabetes support and education; ILI=intensive lifestyle intervention; SPB= systolic blood pressure; SD=standard deviation