Table 3.
Results of multivariable logistic regression analyses assessing temporal associations between recent overdose and recent provision of injection initiation assistance among persons who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada and Tijuana, Mexico.
| a) Outcome: Recent provision of injection initiation assistance at six-months follow-up. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Vancouver (n=1319) |
Tijuana (n=666) |
|||
| Baseline characteristics | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI |
| Recent overdose, yes vs no | 2.63 | 1.41 to 4.90 | 1.97 | 0.43 to 9.09 |
| Age, 1-year increase | 0.93 | 0.91 to 0.96 | 1.01 | 0.97 to 1.06 |
| Sex, male vs female | 1.54 | 0.86 to 2.79 | 1.44 | 0.57 to 3.60 |
| Recent homelessness, yes vs no | 0.55 | 0.29 to 1.07 | 1.01 | 0.43 to 2.39 |
| Recent frequency of IDU | ||||
| Less than weekly vs none | 3.41 | 0.97 to 12.1 | NR | NR |
| Less than daily vs none | 3.82 | 1.16 to 12.6 | 3.34 | 0.44 to 25.5 |
| Daily vs none | 5.28 | 1.80 to 15.5 | 1.53 | 0.35 to 6.78 |
| Recent frequency of non-injection drug use | ||||
| Less than weekly vs none | 1.55 | 0.67 to 3.58 | 1.50 | 0.32 to 7.03 |
| Less than daily vs none | 2.00 | 0.90 to 4.44 | 1.95 | 0.65 to 5.88 |
| Daily vs none | 2.12 | 0.96 to 4.68 | 1.47 | 0.51 to 4.26 |
| b) Outcome: Recent overdose at six-months follow-up. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Vancouver (n=1304) |
Tijuana (n=666) |
|||
| Baseline characteristics | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI |
| Recent provision of injection initiation assistance, yes vs no | 1.89 | 1.00 to 3.57 | 0.50 | 0.06 to 3.91 |
| Age, 1-year increase | 0.97 | 0.95 to 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.91 to 1.00 |
| Sex, male vs female | 1.11 | 0.76 to 1.63 | 0.76 | 0.33 to 1.73 |
| Recent homelessness, yes vs no | 1.78 | 1.18 to 2.70 | 0.69 | 0.31 to 1.51 |
| Recent frequency of IDU | ||||
| Less than weekly vs none | 2.97 | 1.40 to 6.27 | NR | NR |
| Less than daily vs none | 5.11 | 2.59 to 10.1 | NR | NR |
| Daily vs none | 4.37 | 2.39 to 8.18 | 1.27 | 0.36 to 4.42 |
| Recent frequency of non-injection drug use | ||||
| Less than weekly vs none | 1.87 | 1.12 to 3.11 | 0.61 | 0.08 to 4.82 |
| Less than daily vs none | 1.39 | 0.82 to 2.37 | 0.82 | 0.22 to 2.99 |
| Daily vs none | 1.76 | 1.05 to 2.95 | 1.65 | 0.67 to 4.06 |
Notes: aOR = adjusted odds ratio (adjusted for all baseline characteristics presented in table); CI = confidence interval; IDU = injection drug use; NR = not reported (no observed events in group being compared to reference group).