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. 2021 Oct 22;120:103502. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103502

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© 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 5 — Economic damage caused by fixed schedule lockdown and dynamic adjusting lockdown under different intensity level policies. a. The monthly value-added losses in different economic regions. Based on the real case of the Tokyo lockdown, we simulated the economic damage caused by a one-month lockdown (fixed schedule) under different intensity level policies. We took the value-added loss as the measurement of economic damage. b. The monthly value-added losses in 11 different industries under one-month lockdown. Black boxes represent the confidence interval of value-added loss values. c. The annual value-added losses under dynamic adjusting lockdown policies. The ending color point of each curve represents the pandemic ending time under the lockdown policy when the TCN does not increase anymore. The color points with a black frame represent the ending time under the risky decision to lift the lockdown policy as early as the TCN increase rate is less than 100 per day. The values nearby the points show the corresponding values of annual value-added losses.