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. 2021 Oct 21;11:20759. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00266-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Examples of metabolic responses to decreasing temperature. (a) Tadarida brasiliensis aroused at temperatures below 8 °C, indicating the minimum defended temperature was between 5 and 8 °C. Most species in our study did not arouse at colder temperatures, but we often detected increased torpid metabolic rate at colder temperatures. (b) The minimum defended temperature for Myotis ciliolabrum was < 2 °C and we did not detect any differences in TMR over the range 2 and 10 °C. Note the very low metabolic rate of torpid bats (typical of most bats in our study); the inset in panel b plots the same data, but on the same scale as panel a for comparison.