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. 2021 Jun 8;29(10):3059–3071. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.005

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Intranasally administered gangliosides reduce neurotoxic aSyn in A53T PD mouse brain

Intranasally infused gangliosides (5 mg/kg/day for 28 days) removed aSyn and phospho-S129 aSyn (pS129-aSyn) in A53T PD mouse brain. (A, B, and E) Confocal micrographs of cerebral cortex in brain tissue. (A) Green indicates aSyn; (B) purple indicates pS129-aSyn. (C and D) Quantitation of aSyn (C) and pS129-aSyn levels (D) by image analysis. (E) aSyn is accumulated on the nuclear membrane, and GM1 infusion reduced nuclear aSyn. (F) Western blot analysis of aSyn and pS129-aSyn in the substantia nigra. Values were normalized to control levels and are means ± SE (n = 3 mice/group; two-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s multiple comparison test). ∗p < 0.05. Scale bars, 10 μm (B) and 5 μm (E).