FIGURE 8.

Schematic illustration of suppression of proliferation and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer by RLNP/DC. DHA is activated by Fe²⁺ to generate ROS and CQ blocked ROS elimination via autophagy inhibition, which contributed to irreversible upregulation of intracellular ROS level leading to cell death. Moreover, both DHA and CQ exerted anti-angiogenesis activity via down regulation of VEGF, and CQ prevented the degradation of paxillin leading to enhanced focal adhesion of tumor cells to the ECM, resulting in anti-metastasis effect on colorectal cells. RLNP plays an important role for targeted co-delivery of DHA and CQ to the primary tumor region aiming at improved anti-tumor efficacy against colorectal cancer.