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. 2021 Oct 21;11:20761. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99652-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HFs express crucial glycogen metabolism proteins and actively uptake and accumulate glucose. GLUT1 (a), GYS1 (b), PYGL (c) and PGM1 (d) immunofluorescence in cultured anagen and catagen human HFs. Details of suprabulbar anagen HFs (a) GLUT1 (green) and MCT1 (red), arrow-basal ORS cells; (b) GYS1 (green) showing basal and suprabasal ORS and IRS expression, arrow-basal ORS-KC, Flügel cells (asterisk). (c) Suprabasal ORS stained with PYGL (green) and CD34 (red), arrow-basal ORS. (d) PGM1 (green), arrow-hair cuticle cells. Representative images of at least 12 images from 5 individuals. Scale bars 100 μm. mRNA expression of GLUT1 (a) GYS1 (b) PYGL (c) and PGM1 (d) in whole HFs cultured in vitro for 1 (anagen) and 6–7 days (catagen). 5 HFs per sample, N = 4, normalized to B2M. Paired two-tailed t-test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005), ±SEM.