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. 2021 Oct 21;11:20868. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00330-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Atlas of outer contours of mid-modiolar section of inner ear of different anatomical types. Classic CC has eight samples whereas other inner ear malformation types have ten samples. White asterisk refers to the vestibular aqueduct and the black line separates the cochlear and the vestibular portion in classic common cavity (CC) and shows the presence of vestibular cavity in cochlear aplasia (CA) type malformations. The white asterisk points to the enlarged VA. Normal anatomy: NA, Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome: EVAS, incomplete partition: (IP) type I, II and III, Cochlear hypoplasia: CH. Images are not to scale. R: right ear; L: left ear.