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. 2021 Oct 21;12:6116. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26367-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a ID Salmonella delivery of NIPP1-CD caused more death (red, white arrows) in Hepa 1-6 cells compared to controls (P = 0.0021, n = 6). b In microfluidic tumor masses, delivery of NIPP1-CD caused more cell death (red) than bacterial controls. The percentage of dead cells increased with time as Salmonella invaded into cells and delivered protein (P = 0.042, 0.017, 0.014, 0.017, 0.024, 0.030, and 0.039 at 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, and 9.5 h, respectively, n = 4). c For multiple (n = 4) tumor masses, as shown in b, NIPP1-CD significantly increased cell death (P = 0.0177). d NIPP1-CD ID Salmonella was intravenously administered to BALB/c mice with subcutaneous 4T1 tumors. After 31 days, Salmonella (black arrow, green) and delivered NIPP1-CD (white arrows, red) were dispersed throughout the tissue. Data are shown as means ± SEM. Statistical comparisons in a–c are two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t-tests with asterisks indicating significance (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). Images in a, b, and d are representative of 6, 4, and 3 independent biological samples, respectively. Scale bars in a and b are 100 µm, and in d the scale bar is 10 µm.