Table 1.
Effect of the therapy on clinical, biochemical, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, Fibroscan® and controlled attenuation parameter assessment among the three study groups.
| Variables (M ± SD) | NAFLD wild type control group (n. 30) | NAFLD wild type treated group (n. 30) | NAFLD mutated treated group (n. 32) | p-value of the baseline comparison among the groups | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of treatment | p | Baseline | End of treatment | p | Baseline | End of treatment | p | ||
| Age (y) | 47.9 ± 14.2 | / | / | 45.2 ± 15 | / | / | 47.1 ± 13 | / | / | Mutated vs. WT treated: >0.999 Mutated vs. WT control: >0.999 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| Sex (M/F) | 15/15 | / | / | 13/17 | / | / | 18/14 | / | / | 0.597 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.1 ± 2.7 | 28.1 ± 2.7 | 0.827 | 29.09 ± 3.1 | 29.06.8 ± 3.1 | 0.871 | 30.5 ± 4.1 | 31.6 ± 3.6 | 0.062 | Mutated vs. WT treated: >0.999 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.108 WT treated vs. WT control: 0.694 |
| WHtR | 0.9 ± 0.13 | 0.91 ± 0.12 | 0.112 | 0.96 ± 0.13 | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 0.679 | 1.08 ± 0.25 | 1.08 ± 0.26 | 0.372 | Mutated vs. WT treated: 0.488 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.005 WT treated vs. WT control: 0.274 |
| Metavir | 1.4 ± 0.56 | / | / | 1.46 ± 0.57 | / | / | 1.46 ± 0.67 | / | / | Mutated vs. WT treated: >0.999 Mutated vs. WT control: >0.999 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| NAFLD activity score | 5.36 ± 1.21 | / | / | 5.46 ± 1.27 | / | / | 5.93 ± 1.16 | / | / | Mutated vs. WT treated: 0.51 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.2 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| CAP (dB/m) | 271.9 ± 35.8 | 272.8 ± 36.8 | 0.373 | 271.5 ± 51.4 | 263.9 ± 43.6 | 0.251 | 316.7 ± 35.7 | 305.4 ± 43.4 | 0.136 | Mutated vs. WT treated: 0.0002
Mutated vs. WT control: 0.0002 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| Stiffness (kPa) | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 0.117 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 0.568 | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 0.893 | Mutated vs. WT treated: 0.711 Mutated vs. WT control: >0.999 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126 ± 14 | 126 ± 11 | 0.664 | 126 ± 13 | 127 ± 11 | 0.436 | 129 ± 15 | 130 ± 11 | 0.299 | Mutated vs. WT treated: 0.981 Mutated vs. WT control: >0.999 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74 ± 7 | 73 ± 5 | 0.243 | 75 ± 8 | 75 ± 7 | 0.279 | 76 ± 9 | 77 ± 8 | 0.492 | Mutated vs. WT treated: >0.999 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.811 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 99.7 ± 11.7 | 101 ± 14 | 0.503 | 100.3 ± 24.5 | 89.7 ± 18.5 | 0.0009 | 110.9 ± 24 | 110.9 ± 26.3 | 0.721 | Mutated vs. WT treated: 0.464 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.455 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| Insulinemia (μU/ml) | 25 ± 9 | 25.2 ± 9 | 0.464 | 25.7 ± 8.8 | 19.4 ± 9 | 0.006 | 26.4 ± 6.2 | 25.2 ± 6.8 | 0.447 | Mutated vs. WT treated: >0.999 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.505 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| HOMA-IR | 6.15 ± 2.38 | 6.33 ± 2.71 | 0.545 | 6.59 ± 3.26 | 4.51 ± 3.13 | 0.0001 | 7.35 ± 2.91 | 7.16 ± 3.46 | 0.742 | Mutated vs. WT treated: >0.999 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.258 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.94 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 52 ± 50 | 58 ± 61 | 0.161 | 59 ± 31 | 57 ± 30 | 0.281 | 63 ± 77 | 64 ± 68 | 0.657 | Mutated vs. WT treated: >0.999 Mutated vs. WT control: >0.999 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| AST (IU/L) | 31 ± 13 | 29 ± 16 | 0.322 | 34 ± 20 | 34 ± 14 | 0.45 | 39 ± 34 | 34 ± 31 | 0.571 | Mutated vs. WT treated: >0.999 Mutated vs. WT control: >0.999 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 54 ± 28 | 56 ± 37 | 0.81 | 57 ± 28 | 34 ± 14 | <0.0001 | 68 ± 32 | 68 ± 43 | 0.674 | Mutated vs. WT treated: 0.68 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.232 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 3.26 ± 2.04 | 3.46 ± 2.36 | 0.703 | 3.72 ± 2.67 | 2.1 ± 2.37 | 0.0005 | 4.38 ± 2.28 | 4.04 ± 2.51 | 0.814 | Mutated vs. WT treated: 0.144 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.041 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
| TBARS (nmol/μg) | 21.12 ± 23.35 | 23.81 ± 23.01 | 0.001 | 22.75 ± 25.91 | 10.31 ± 8.83 | 0.002 | 24.62 ± 15.15 | 23.25 ± 18.39 | 0.462 | Mutated vs. WT treated: 0.2 Mutated vs. WT control: 0.1 WT treated vs. WT control: >0.999 |
BMI, body mass index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; CAP, controlled attenuation parameter; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CRP, C reactive protein; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactivesubstance.
For the comparison of the therapeutic outcome in each group for the continuous variables, Wilcoxon signed ranks test and t-test for dependent groups were performed according to non-normal and normal distribution, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test or ANOVA test with post-hoc Bonferroni analysis, in the case of non-normal or normal distribution, respectively, were performed to compare the continuous variables among three groups. X2-test was performed to compare sex distribution among the three study groups. The bold was used to indicate significative p values <0.05.