Fig. 3.

Increased adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells after exposure to aqueous extracts of tobacco and nicotine products under atherosclerosis-prone flow conditions using the ibidi pump system. (A) Representative pictures showing monocyte-endothelial interactions. Fluorescently labelled THP-1 monocytes (red, numbers of monocytes are indicated) adhere to a pre-treated confluent endothelial cell layer. Scale bar represents 500 μm. (B) Evaluation of monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion after exposure to aqueous extracts in combination with low laminar flow conditions. max = maximum nicotine concentration (Table 2). Data are shown as mean (x-fold static time-matched controls) ± SD. Statistics: One-Way ANOVA, *p < 0.05 vs. static time-matched controls, §p < 0.05, n ≥ 6. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)