Table 4. Outcomes of the DBS and non-DBS groups.
| Factor | DBS group (n = 13) | Non-DBS group (n = 15) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| JOA | |||
| JOA before surgery (IQR) | 8 (4–10) | 9 (6.5–12.5) | 0.41 |
| JOA after surgery (IQR) | 18 (11–23) | 20 (10–21) | 0.64 |
| JOA at 2 years (IQR) | 18 (10.8–23.3) | 17.5 (10–22) | 0.72 |
| JOA improvement rate after surgery, % (IQR) | 46.7 (33.3–76.2) | 40 (33.3–63.6) | 0.7 |
| <30 after surgery (%) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (20.0) | 0.47 |
| 30–50 after surgery (%) | 7 (53.9) | 5 (33.3) | |
| 50≤ after surgery (%) | 5 (38.5) | 7 (46.7) | |
| JOA improvement rate at 2 years, % (IQR) | 39.8 (25.8–81) | 51.7 (18.1–61.9) | 0.66 |
| <30 at 2 years (%) | 3 (25.0) | 4 (28.6) | 0.51 |
| 30–50 at 2 years (%) | 4 (33.3) | 2 (14.3) | |
| 50≤ at 2 years (%) | 5 (41.7) | 8 (57.1) | |
| NRS | |||
| NRS before surgery (IQR) | 10 (9–10) | 7 (5–8) | 0.002 |
| NRS after surgery (IQR) | 2 (2–4) | 2 (2–3) | 0.67 |
| NRS at 2 years (IQR) | 2.5 (2.0–4.5) | 3 (2–3.8) | 0.96 |
| NRS reduction rate after surgery, % (IQR) | 77.8 (18.8–84.5) | 71.4 (0–77.8) | 0.36 |
| <50 after surgery (%) | 4 (30.8) | 6 (40.0) | 0.88 |
| 50–70 after surgery (%) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (6.7) | |
| 70≤ after surgery (%) | 8 (61.5) | 8 (53.3) | |
| NRS reduction rate at 2 years, % (IQR) | 75.0 (10–80] | 41.5 (0–78.1) | 0.38 |
| <50 at 2 years (%) | 5 (41.7) | 8 (57.1) | 0.19 |
| 50–70 at 2 years (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (14.3) | |
| 70≤ at 2 years (%) | 7 (58.3) | 4 (28.6) | |
| Hospitalization | |||
| Duration of hospitalization, days | 26.9 ± 11.5 | 23.4 ± 11.5 | 0.43 |
| Duration of hospitalization ≥30 days (%) | 5 (38.5) | 1 (6.7) | 0.069 |
| Complications | |||
| All complications (%) | 3 (23.1) | 7 (46.7) | 0.25 |
| Infection (%) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (13.3) | 1 |
| Delirium (%) | 2 (15.4) | 5 (33.3) | 0.4 |
| Fall (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (13.3) | 0.48 |
| Other complications (%) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (26.7) | 0.1 |
| Implant failure (%) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (6.7) | 1 |
| Reoperation (%) | 2 (15.4) | 2 (13.3) | 1 |
DBS: deep brain stimulation, IQR: interquartile range, JOA: The Japanese Orthopedic Association, NRS: numerical rating scale, PD: Parkinson’s disease.