Table 2. Linear Mixed Model Analysis of Associations Between Geriatric Assessment and Global Health Status/Quality of Life (GHS/QOL) Trajectory.

Model parametersa	Estimate, β (95% CI)b	P valuec
Physical
ACE-27
None to moderate	0 [Reference]
Severe	−7.00 (−12.43 to −1.56)	.01
ACE-27 × time
None to moderate	0 [Reference]
Severe	−4.90 (−9.70 to −0.10)	.05
Polypharmacy
<5 Medications	0 [Reference]
≥5 Medications	−0.82 (−5.19 to 3.55)	.71
Polypharmacy × time
<5 Medications	0 [Reference]
≥5 Medications	−2.76 (−6.01 to 0.48)	.10
MUST
No risk of malnutrition	0 [Reference]
Medium to high risk of malnutrition	−6.18 (−11.55 to −0.81)	.02
MUST × time
No risk of malnutrition	0 [Reference]
Medium to high risk of malnutrition	−3.83 (−8.47 to 0.81)	.10
Functional
ADL
Independent	0 [Reference]
Dependent	−7.17 (−14.91 to 0.57)	.07
ADL × time
Independent	0 [Reference]
Dependent	−5.32 (−11.89 to 1.24)	.11
IADL
No restrictions	0 [Reference]
Restrictions	−10.48 (−16.39 to −4.57)	.001
IADL × time
No restrictions	0 [Reference]
Restrictions	−5.36 (−10.50 to −0.22)	.04
TUG
Normal mobility	0 [Reference]
Restricted mobility	−6.09 (−12.78 to 0.60)	.07
TUG × time
Normal mobility	[Reference]
Restricted mobility	−6.78 (−12.81 to −0.75)	.03
Psychological
MMSE
No cognitive deficits	0 [Reference]
Cognitive deficits	−0.13 (−7.35 to 7.08)	.97
MMSE × time
No cognitive deficits	0 [Reference]
Cognitive deficits	−6.14 (−13.43 to 1.13)	.10
GDS-15
No signs of depression	0 [Reference]
Signs of depression	−4.22 (−11.33 to 2.91)	.25
GDS-15 × time
No signs of depression	0 [Reference]
Signs of depression	−7.08 (−13.10 to −1.06)	.02
Socioenvironmental
Marital status
In relationship	0 [Reference]
Single	−3.17 (−7.77 to 1.42)	.18
Marital status × time
In relationship	0 [Reference]
Single	−0.98 (−4.74 to 2.78)	.61
Living situation
At home	0 [Reference]
Assisted or nursing home	−2.62 (−10.55 to 5.30)	.52
Living situation × time
At home	0 [Reference]
Assisted or nursing home	−8.74 (−15.75 to −1.73)	.02
Deficit accumulation
No. of domains with deficits	−3.17 (−5.04 to −1.30)	.001
No. of domains with deficits × time	−2.74 (−4.28 to −1.20)	.001
Domains with deficits
<3	0 [Reference]
≥3	−9.62 (−15.35 to −3.88)	.001
Domains with deficits × time
<3	0 [Reference]
≥3	−14.81 (−20.40 to −9.22)	<.001

Abbreviations: ACE-27, Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; GDS-15, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MUST, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool; TUG, Timed Up & Go.

^a All models were adjusted for baseline GHS/QOL scores, and age, sex, stage, and treatment modality, and included an intercept and linear time.

^b Estimates (β coefficients) for normal model parameters refer to the main effects and can be interpreted as the novel difference in GHS/QOL after treatment at the 3 months’ follow-up interval between parameter categories. Estimates (β coefficients) for model parameters × time refer to the interaction term with time and can be interpreted as the increasing or decreasing difference in GHS/QOL between parameter categories over time with respect to 1 year. A domain with deficits was defined as a geriatric domain (either physical, functional, psychological, or socioenvironmental) with at least 1 impairment on the items of geriatric assessment belonging to the corresponding domain.

^c Statistical significance was defined as P < .05.