Table 3. Age-adjusted multiple regression analysis with sdLDL-C, triglycerides, HDL-C and direct LDL-C.
| (A) Male Subjects | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| log sdLDL-C | log Triglycerides | HDL-C | direct LDL-C | |
| B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | |
| Model 1 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.059 (0.042, 0.076) | 0.051 (0.032, 0.071) | 0.960 (0463, 1.457) | -0.986 (-2.070, 0.097) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.107 (0.078, 0.136) | 0.162 (0.129, 0.196) | -1.207 (-2.055, -0.358) | -0.856 (-2.706, 0.993) |
| Current smokers | 0.094 (0.077, 0.110) | 0.192 (0.174, 0.211) | -3.565 (-4.046, -3.084) | -1.623 (-2.671, -0.574) |
| AIC = -29046.2 | AIC = -23938.4 | AIC = 100074.1 | AIC = 129881.4 | |
| Model 2 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.053 (0.037, 0.069) | 0.044 (0.026, 0.062) | 1.163 (0.700, 1.626) | -1.223 (-2.286, -0.161) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.090 (0.062, 0.118) | 0.139 (0.108, 0.170) | -0.568 (-1.359, 0.222) | -1.601 (-3.416, 0.214) |
| Current smokers | 0.086 (0.070, 0.102) | 0.182 (0.164, 0.199) | -3.283 (-3.731, -2.835) | -1.951 (-2.980, -0.923) |
| BMI | 0.043 (0.041, 0.045) | 0.057 (0.055, 0.059) | -1.545 (-1.601, -1.489) | 1.802 (1.674, 1.931) |
| AIC = -30779.4 | AIC = -26367.4 | AIC = 97349.2 | AIC = 129141.8 | |
| Model 3 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.026 (0.010, 0.042) | 0.034 (0.016, 0.053) | 0.016 (-0.438, 0.470) | 0.178 (-0.887, 1.243) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.062 (0.035, 0.090) | 0.129 (0.098, 0.161) | -1.720 (-2.490, -0.950) | -0.194 (-2.001, 1.613) |
| Current smokers | 0.064 (0.048, 0.079) | 0.174 (0.156, 0.192) | -4.231 (-4.670, -3.793) | -0.793 (-1.822, 0.235) |
| BMI | 0.044 (0.042, 0.045) | 0.057 (0.055, 0.060) | -1.506 (-1.561, -1.452) | 1.755 (1.628, 1.883) |
| ≥ 3 drinks per week | 0.150 (0.137, 0.163) | 0.051 (0.036, 0.065) | 6.302 (5.941, 6.664) | -7.697 (-8.545, -6.848) |
| AIC = -31290.2 | AIC = -26411.7 | AIC = 96217.4 | AIC = 128829.9 | |
| Model 4 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.025 (0.009, 0.041) | 0.034 (0.016, 0.052) | 0.023 (-0.431, 0.476) | 0.156 (-0.908, 1.219) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.054 (0.026, 0.081) | 0.122 (0.091, 0.153) | -1.631 (-2.401, -0.860) | -0.486 (-2.292, 1.320) |
| Current smokers | 0.054 (0.038, 0.069) | 0.165 (0.148, 0.183) | -4.128 (-4.568, -3.689) | -1.129 (-2.160, -0.098) |
| BMI | 0.040 (0.038, 0.042) | 0.054 (0.052, 0.057) | -1.470 (-1.526, -1.415) | 1.638 (1.507, 1.769) |
| ≥ 3 drinks per week | 0.159 (0.146, 0.172) | 0.059 (0.044, 0.074) | 6.207 (5.844, 6.570) | -7.388 (-8.239, -6.537) |
| HbA1c | 0.079 (0.068, 0.090) | 0.070 (0.058, 0.082) | -0.814 (-1.113, -0.514) | 2.647 (1.945, 3.349) |
| AIC = -31499.8 | AIC = -26539.3 | AIC = 96191.0 | AIC = 128777.3 | |
| Model 5 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.026 (0.010, 0.042) | 0.035 (0.016, 0.053) | 0.036 (-0.417, 0.489) | 0.156 (-0.907, 1.220) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.056 (0.029, 0.084) | 0.124 (0.093, 0.155) | -1.582 (-2.350, -0.813) | -0.483 (-2.290, 1.323) |
| Current smokers | 0.059 (0.044, 0.075) | 0.170 (0.152, 0.188) | -4.029 (-4.468, -3.590) | -1.123 (-2.155, -0.092) |
| BMI | 0.035 (0.033, 0.037) | 0.050 (0.048, 0.052) | -1.559 (-1.618, -1.501) | 1.633 (1.495, 1.771) |
| ≥ 3 drinks per week | 0.145 (0.132, 0.158) | 0.047 (0.032, 0.062) | 5.963 (5.598, 6.328) | -7.402 (-8.261, -6.543) |
| HbA1c | 0.077 (0.066, 0.087) | 0.068 (0.056, 0.080) | -0.856 (-1.155, -0.557) | 2.645 (1.943, 3.347) |
| sBP | 0.003 (0.003, 0.004) | 0.003 (0.002, 0.003) | 0.058 (0.047, 0.070) | 0.003 (-0.025, 0.031) |
| AIC = -31735.9 | AIC = -26670.6 | AIC = 96099.3 | AIC = 128779.3 | |
| (B) Female Subjects | ||||
| log sdLDL-C | log Triglycerides | HDL-C | direct LDL-C | |
| B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | B (95% CI) | |
| Model 1 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.036 (0.012, 0.060) | 0.057 (0.031, 0.084) | 1.059 (0.143, 1.974) | -1.861 (-3.653, -0.069) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.127 (0.082, 0.173) | 0.145 (0.095, 0.195) | -0.405 (-2.150, 1.340) | 1.831 (-1.585, 5.247) |
| Current smokers | 0.093 (0.068, 0.118) | 0.189 (0.161, 0.216) | -2.241 (-3.183, -1.299) | -0.911 (-2.756, 0.933) |
| AIC = -29040.6 | AIC = -26147.6 | AIC = 82930.0 | AIC = 103599.9 | |
| Model 2 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.027 (0.004, 0.050) | 0.045 (0.020, 0.069) | 1.488 (0.626, 2.351) | -2.474 (-4.212, -0.735) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.102 (0.057, 0.146) | 0.108 (0.061, 0.155) | 0.843 (-0.801, 2.487) | 0.052 (-3.263, 3.367) |
| Current smokers | 0.090 (0.066, 0.114) | 0.185 (0.159, 0.210) | -2.109 (-2.996, -1.222) | -1.100 (-2.888, 0.689) |
| BMI | 0.032 (0.030, 0.034) | 0.046 (0.044, 0.048) | -1.556 (-1.625, -1.487) | 2.218 (2.079, 2.357) |
| AIC = -30149.2 | AIC = -28091.7 | AIC = 81095.7 | AIC=102656.4 | |
| Model 3 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.013 (-0.010, 0.037) | 0.046 (0.021, 0.071) | 0.279 (-0.572, 1.130) | -0.693 (-2.424, 1.039) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.086 (0.042, 0.131) | 0.109 (0.062, 0.157) | -0.482 (-2.098, 1.134) | 2.003 (-1.285, 5.291) |
| Current smokers | 0.073 (0.049, 0.097) | 0.186 (0.160, 0.212) | -3.576 (-4.454, -2.698) | 1.060 (-0.726, 2.847) |
| BMI | 0.033 (0.031, 0.034) | 0.046 (0.044, 0.048) | -1.522 (-1.590, -1.454) | 2.168 (2.030, 2.305) |
| ≥ 3 drinks per week | 0.072 (0.059, 0.086) | -0.077 (-0.022, 0.008) | 6.351 (5.848, 6.854) | -9.351 (-10.375, -8.327) |
| AIC = -30253.8 | AIC = -28090.5 | AIC = 80497.5 | AIC = 102341.0 | |
| Model 4 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.015 (-0.008, 0.038) | 0.047 (0.022, 0.072) | 0.264 (-0.587, 1.114) | -0.591 (-2.311, 1.129) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.089 (0.045, 0.133) | 0.111 (0.064, 0.158) | -0.507 (-2.123, 1.108) | 2.172 (-1.094, 5.438) |
| Current smokers | 0.074 (0.050, 0.097) | 0.186 (0.161, 0.212) | -3.577 (-4.455, -2.700) | 1.067 (-0.707, 2.842) |
| BMI | 0.029 (0.028, 0.031) | 0.044 (0.042, 0.046) | -1.492 (-1.561, -1.423) | 1.970 (1.830, 2.110) |
| ≥ 3 drinks per week | 0.085 (0.072, 0.099) | 0.003 (-0.012, 0.018) | 6.223 (5.717, 6.730) | -8.498 (-9.522, -7.475) |
| HbA1c | 0.134 (0.118, 0.150) | 0.103 (0.086, 0.121) | -1.314 (-1.904, -0.723) | 8.764 (7.570, 9.958) |
| AIC = -30518.4 | AIC = -28226.4 | AIC = 80480.4 | AIC = 102137.4 | |
| Model 5 | ||||
| Non-smokers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| EX1 smokers | 0.019 (-0.004, 0.042) | 0.050 (0.026, 0.075) | 0.293 (-0.558, 1.144) | -0.510 (-2.231, 1.120) |
| EX2 smokers | 0.093 (0.050, 0.137) | 0.115 (0.068, 0.162) | -0.476 (-2.091, 1.139) | 2.259 (-1.006, 5.524) |
| Current smokers | 0.081 (0.057, 0.104) | 0.192 (0.166, 0.217) | -3.526 (-4.404, -2.648) | 1.210 (-0.566, 2.985) |
| BMI | 0.025 (0.023, 0.027) | 0.040 (0.038, 0.042) | -1.526 (-1.599, -1.453) | 1.877 (1.729, 2.025) |
| ≥ 3 drinks per week | 0.079 (0.065, 0.092) | -0.002 (-0.017, 0.013) | 6.175 (5.668, 6.682) | -8.632 (-9.658, -7.607) |
| HbA1c | 0.133 (0.117, 0.149) | 0.103 (0.086, 0.120) | -1.321 (-1.911, -0.730) | 8.746 (7.552, 9.939) |
| sBP | 0.003 (0.002, 0.003) | 0.002 (0.002, 0.003) | 0.021 (0.006, 0.035) | 0.057 (0.028, 0.087) |
| AIC = -30717.6 | AIC = -28330.9 | AIC = 80474.8 | AIC = 102125.0 | |
AIC, Akaike’s Information Criterion; BMI, body mass index; EX1, ex-smokers who had quit smoking for ≥ 5 years; EX2, ex-smokers who had quit smoking for ＜5 years; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; sBP, systolic blood pressure; sdLDL-C, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol