Table 1.

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of participants from the Sydney Memory and Ageing study (N 1037)

Variables	All (n 1037) mean/N (%)	sd	Females (n 572) mean/N (%)	sd	Males (n 465) mean/N (%)	sd
Age (years)	78⋅8	4⋅8	78⋅9	4⋅9	78⋅8	4⋅7
Years of education	11⋅6	3⋅5	11⋅0	3⋅1	12⋅3	3⋅8
BMI (kg/m2)	25⋅7	4⋅4	25⋅3	4⋅7	26⋅1	4⋅0
Vitamin D level (nmol/l)	62⋅2	25⋅5	57	24⋅0	68	26⋅0
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	4⋅7	1⋅0	5	1⋅0	4⋅4	0⋅9
Triacylglycerols (mmol/l)	1⋅1	0⋅5	1⋅1	0⋅5	1⋅1	0⋅6
HDL-chol (mmol/l)	1⋅4	0⋅4	1⋅6	0⋅4	1⋅3	0⋅4
LDL-chol (mmol/l)	2⋅8	0⋅9	2⋅9	0⋅9	2⋅7	0⋅8
CRP (mg/l)	3⋅0	5⋅5	3	5⋅0	3	6⋅0
Vitamin A (umol/l)	3⋅1	0⋅8	3⋅0	0⋅8	3⋅2	0⋅8
Vitamin E (umol/l)	35⋅3	12⋅7	37⋅6	12⋅5	32⋅8	12⋅6
β-carotene (umol/l)	0⋅8	0⋅6	0⋅9	0⋅7	0⋅6	0⋅5
Total energy intake (KJ/d)	6888⋅0	2234⋅2	6086⋅6	1860⋅9	7904⋅0	2256⋅5
History of hypertension, N (%)	629 (60⋅7 %)	n/a	359 (62⋅8 %)	n/a	270 (58⋅1 %)	n/a
History of diabetes, N (%)	126 (12⋅2 %)	n/a	48 (8⋅4 %)	n/a	78 (16⋅7 %)	n/a
History of hyperlipidaemia, N (%)	623 (60⋅1 %)	n/a	344 (60⋅1)	n/a	279 (60⋅1 %)	n/a
History of depression, N (%)	163 (15⋅7 %)	n/a	102 (17⋅8 %)	n/a	61 (13⋅1 %)	n/a
History of stroke, N (%)	41 (4⋅0 %)	n/a	14 (2⋅4 %)	n/a	27 (5⋅8 %)	n/a
History of TIA, N (%)	69 (6⋅7 %)	n/a	40 (7⋅0 %)	n/a	29 (6⋅2 %)	n/a
Current smoker, N (%)	381 (36⋅7 %)	n/a	172 (30⋅1 %)	n/a	209 (54⋅9 %)	n/a
Sum of physical activitya	1⋅6	1⋅1	1⋅5	1⋅1	1⋅7	1⋅1
APOE ɛ4 genotype, N (%)	222 (21⋅4 %)	n/a	118 (20⋅6 %)	n/a	104 (22⋅4 %)	n/a

sd, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index (calculated by BMI = kg/m² where kg is weight in kilograms and m² is height in metres squared); HDL-chol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-chol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; n/a, not applicable; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; APOE, apolipoprotein E.

^aPhysical activity scores represent the number of physical activities participated in, regardless of the amount or intensity of participation. The maximum score is 10 points.