. 2021 Oct 1;10:e87. doi: 10.1017/jns.2021.77

Table 2.

Randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of pistachio intake on adiposity/weight gain

Author ref	Design/duration	Treatment/control	Result
Fantino et al.⁽⁸⁾	Parallel/ 12 weeks	44 g/d pistachios v. usual daily intake	No change in body weight or body composition.
Rock et al.⁽²⁹⁾	Parallel/ 4 months	Group-based behavioural weight loss intervention with 42 g/d pistachios v. no pistachios	No change in body weight, BMI or waist circumference.
Carughi et al.⁽⁵⁸⁾	Parallel/ 4 weeks	56 g/d pistachios v. isoenergetic savoury biscuit	No change in body weight.
Burns-Whitmore et al.⁽⁵⁹⁾	Cross over/ 10 weeks	20 % energy from pistachios v. no pistachios	No significant differences in body weight or composition.
Gulati et al.⁽⁵⁶⁾	Parallel/ 24 weeks	20 % of total energy from pistachios v. no pistachios. Pistachios substituted visible fat.	No change in body weight, lower waist circumference.
Hernández-Alonso et al.⁽⁷²⁾	Cross-over	2 oz/d pistachios v. isoenergetic nut-free diet	No change in body weight, BMI or waist circumference.
Wang et al.⁽⁵⁵⁾	Parallel/ 12 weeks	42 g, 70 g v. 0 g pistachios	No change in weight, BMI or waist circumference.
Li et al.⁽⁵⁷⁾	Parallel/ 12 weeks	Weight loss intervention. Each diet included an isoenergetic snack of either 53 g of salted pistachios or 56 g of salted pretzels	Both groups lost weight. Pistachio group had a greater loss in BMI. Triacylglycerols were significantly lower in the pistachio group. No changes in cholesterol, insulin or glucose levels between groups.

BMI, body mass index.