Table 4.
Estimates of Eq. (1) with the data of Japan
| Variables | Full | No control | No FAITHSQ | No religion | No FAITHSQ No religion |
No FAITH No FAITHSQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FAITH | 0.252*** (0.0648) | 0.369*** (0.0629) | 0.0800*** (0.0152) | 0.265*** (0.0631) | 0.0735*** (0.0142) | |
| FAITHSQ | − 0.0346*** (0.0128) | − 0.0499*** (0.0126) | − 0.0387*** (0.0126) | |||
| NON_R | Baseline | Baseline | Baseline | Baseline | Baseline | Baseline |
| MONOTHEISM | − 0.154 (0.105) | − 0.0701 (0.114) | − 0.163 (0.105) | − 0.0100 (0.101) | ||
| BUDDHISM | 0.0136 (0.0330) | 0.0867*** (0.0327) | 0.0260 (0.0326) | 0.0647** (0.0319) | ||
| OTHER_R | − 0.143 (0.0996) | − 0.0718 (0.101) | − 0.149 (0.100) | − 0.0502 (0.0981) | ||
| PNA | 0.0957 (0.0679) | 0.104* (0.0625) | 0.118* (0.0677) | 0.169** (0.0678) | ||
| SEVERITY | 0.0792*** (0.00845) | 0.0792*** (0.00845) | 0.0790*** (0.00845) | 0.0791*** (0.00845) | 0.0795*** (0.00846) | |
| PROB | 0.00221*** (0.000412) | 0.00222*** (0.000412) | 0.00222*** (0.000412) | 0.00222*** (0.000412) | 0.00226*** (0.000412) | |
| RA | 0.0453*** (0.00503) | 0.0452*** (0.00503) | 0.0452*** (0.00502) | 0.0451*** (0.00503) | 0.0449*** (0.00502) | |
| ALTRUISM | 0.0781*** (0.0118) | 0.0780*** (0.0118) | 0.0778*** (0.0118) | 0.0777*** (0.0118) | 0.0804*** (0.0118) | |
| TRUST | 0.0444*** (0.0135) | 0.0453*** (0.0135) | 0.0450*** (0.0135) | 0.0460*** (0.0135) | 0.0480*** (0.0135) | |
| BADHEALTH | 0.0928*** (0.0114) | 0.0943*** (0.0114) | 0.0932*** (0.0114) | 0.0951*** (0.0114) | 0.0969*** (0.0114) | |
| DMAN | − 0.0621* (0.0323) | − 0.0570* (0.0322) | − 0.0648** (0.0321) | − 0.0588* (0.0321) | − 0.0518 (0.0323) | |
| AGE | − 0.0281*** (0.00599) | − 0.0288*** (0.00599) | − 0.0283*** (0.00600) | − 0.0291*** (0.00600) | − 0.0296*** (0.00603) | |
| AGESQ (× 10−2) | 0.0329*** (0.0060) | 0.0335*** (0.0060) | 0.0330*** (0.0060) | 0.0339*** (0.0060) | 0.0343*** (0.0060) | |
| MARRIED | 0.0963*** (0.0353) | 0.0959*** (0.0353) | 0.0976*** (0.0352) | 0.0976*** (0.0353) | 0.0904** (0.0356) | |
| N_FAMILY | − 0.00466 (0.0111) | − 0.00469 (0.0111) | − 0.00425 (0.0111) | − 0.00405 (0.0111) | − 0.00289 (0.0112) | |
| EDU | 0.0203 (0.0152) | 0.0215 (0.0152) | 0.0208 (0.0152) | 0.0223 (0.0153) | 0.0218 (0.0152) | |
| F_EDU | 0.0298** (0.0152) | 0.0289* (0.0152) | 0.0289* (0.0151) | 0.0276* (0.0152) | 0.0298* (0.0152) | |
| M_EDU | 0.00458 (0.0210) | 0.00653 (0.0210) | 0.00276 (0.0210) | 0.00482 (0.0211) | 0.00390 (0.0211) | |
| LIFE_15 | 0.0322*** (0.00718) | 0.0323*** (0.00718) | 0.0324*** (0.00719) | 0.0324*** (0.00719) | 0.0330*** (0.00720) | |
| INCOME | 0.000181*** (4.44e−05) | 0.000181*** (4.43e−05) | 0.000181*** (4.45e−05) | 0.000180*** (4.45e−05) | 0.000178*** (4.44e−05) | |
| BLOODTEST | 0.0489*** (0.0100) | 0.0493*** (0.0100) | 0.0495*** (0.0100) | 0.0502*** (0.0100) | 0.0540*** (0.00997) | |
| OPTIMISTIC | 0.00987 (0.0139) | 0.00915 (0.0139) | 0.00958 (0.0140) | 0.00869 (0.0139) | 0.0117 (0.0139) | |
| EXP_BEST | 0.0148 (0.0149) | 0.0140 (0.0149) | 0.0143 (0.0149) | 0.0132 (0.0149) | 0.0142 (0.0149) | |
| INFORMATION | − 0.0103 (0.00908) | − 0.0103 (0.00908) | − 0.0104 (0.00909) | − 0.0106 (0.00909) | − 0.0108 (0.00909) | |
| WAVE2 | 0.231*** (0.0180) | 0.245*** (0.0166) | 0.231*** (0.0180) | 0.231*** (0.0180) | 0.231*** (0.0180) | 0.230*** (0.0180) |
| WAVE3 | 0.423*** (0.0188) | 0.442*** (0.0168) | 0.423*** (0.0188) | 0.423*** (0.0188) | 0.423*** (0.0187) | 0.422*** (0.0188) |
| WAVE4 | 0.381*** (0.0185) | 0.411*** (0.0166) | 0.381*** (0.0185) | 0.381*** (0.0185) | 0.381*** (0.0185) | 0.380*** (0.0185) |
| WAVE5 | 0.0886*** (0.0188) | 0.0930*** (0.0170) | 0.0885*** (0.0188) | 0.0886*** (0.0188) | 0.0885*** (0.0188) | 0.0880*** (0.0189) |
| Constant | 0.603*** (0.189) | 1.654*** (0.0580) | 0.757*** (0.181) | 0.600*** (0.190) | 0.775*** (0.182) | 0.831*** (0.182) |
| Observations | 16,872 | 19,740 | 16,872 | 16,872 | 16,872 | 16,872 |
| Number of individuals | 3721 | 4359 | 3721 | 3721 | 3721 | 3721 |
The dependent variable is VACCINE. Each column presents a specification of Eq. (1). Dummies for occupations and place of residence were included, but their estimates are not shown here. Estimation method is the random effect model (RE). Robust standard errors are in parentheses assuming clustering at the individual level
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1