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. 2021 Oct 21;19:332. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01077-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Hemin-MSC-EXO ameliorates cardiomyocyte senescence induced by SD/H challenge via inhibition of mitochondrial fission. A Representative images of the fragmented mitochondria in control, SD/H, SD/H + MSC-EXO, SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO, SD/H + MSC-EXO + FCCP, and SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO + FCCP-treated NMCMs. B Quantitative analysis of fragmented mitochondria in control, SD/H, SD/H + MSC-EXO, SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO, SD/H + MSC-EXO + FCCP, and SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO + FCCP-treated NMCMs. C Representative images of SA-β-gal staining in control, SD/H, SD/H + MSC-EXO, SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO, SD/H + MSC-EXO + FCCP, and SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO + FCCP-treated NMCMs. D Quantitative analysis of SA-β-Gal positive cells in control, SD/H, SD/H + MSC-EXO, SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO, SD/H + MSC-EXO + FCCP, and SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO + FCCP-treated NMCMs. E Western blotting and quantitative analysis of the expression level of p16, p21, p-Drp1, Drp1, Mfn1 and Mfn2 in control, SD/H, SD/H + MSC-EXO, SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO, SD/H + MSC-EXO + FCCP, and SD/H + Hemin-MSC-EXO + FCCP-treated NMCMs. SD/H means serum deprivation/hypoxia. n = 3 biological replicates for each group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ns = not significant