Table 3.
Factors associated with SSC in surveyed districts of Bangladesh, 2019
| Bivariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Categories | uPRR1 | 95% CI | aPRR2 | 95% CI |
| Antepartum characteristics | |||||
| Frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits with at least one ANC from a medically trained provider (MTP) | No ANC from an MTP | ref | ref | ||
| 1–3 ANC (at least 1 from an MTP) | 1.16*** | 1.09, 1.24 | 1.14** | 1.03, 1.26 | |
| ≥4 (at least 1 from an MTP) | 1.23*** | 1.14, 1.32 | 1.17* | 1.04, 1.30 | |
| Intrapartum characteristics | |||||
| Place of delivery | Home delivery | ref | ref | ||
| Public facility | 1.60*** | 1.50, 1.71 | 2.01*** | 1.80, 2.26 | |
| Private facility | 1.02 | 0.95, 1.09 | 1.23** | 1.06, 1.42 | |
| NGO facility | 0.85 | 0.62, 1.17 | 0.88 | 0.58, 1.33 | |
| Mode of delivery | Vaginal birth | ref | ref | ||
| Caesarean section | 0.88*** | 0.83, 0.93 | 0.64*** | 0.56, 0.73 | |
| Any complication during delivery | No | ref | ref | ||
| Yes | 1.13*** | 1.06, 1.20 | 1.13** | 1.04, 1.25 | |
| Newborn characteristics | |||||
| Birth size | Average | ref | ref | ||
| Small | 1.21* | 1.13, 1.32 | 1.28*** | 1.12, 1.45 | |
| Large | 0.95 | 0.89, 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.86, 1.04 | |
| Birth order | 1–2 | ref | ref | ||
| 3–4 | 0.95 | 0.90, 1.01 | 0.97 | 0.88, 1.07 | |
| 5+ | 0.80* | 0.70, 0.92 | 0.86 | 0.70, 1.07 | |
| Sex of the child | Female | ref | |||
| Male | 1.04 | 0.98, 1.10 | |||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Mother’s age | 15–19 | ref | ref | ||
| 20–29 | 0.97 | 0.90, 1.05 | 1.00 | 0.90, 1.13 | |
| 30–39 | 0.96 | 0.88, 1.05 | 1.08 | 0.92, 1.25 | |
| 40–49 | 0.71* | 0.53, 0.96 | 0.83 | 0.55, 1.23 | |
| Mother’s educational level | No formal education | ref | ref | ||
| Primary incomplete (1–4 years) | 0.98 | 0.84, 1.12 | 0.95 | 0.78, 1.15 | |
| Primary complete (5 years) | 1.01 | 0.88, 1.16 | 0.97 | 0.80, 1.16 | |
| Secondary incomplete (6–9 years) | 1.20* | 1.07, 1.35 | 1.18* | 1.00, 1.41 | |
| Secondary and above (≥10 years) | 1.31*** | 1.16, 1.48 | 1.31** | 1.09, 1.60 | |
| Mother’s current occupation | Housewives | ref | |||
| Skilled worker | 0.89 | 0.74, 1.06 | |||
| Unskilled worker | 0.91 | 0.57, 1.47 | |||
| Mother’s religion | Muslim | ref | |||
| Hindu /others | 1.09 | 1.00, 1.21 | |||
| Wealth Quintile | Lowest | ref | ref | ||
| Second | 1.06 | 1.01, 1.17 | 1.01 | 0.89, 1.15 | |
| Middle | 1.18*** | 1.08, 1.29 | 1.14* | 1.00, 1.29 | |
| Fourth | 1.21*** | 1.10, 1.32 | 1.14 | 1.00, 1.30 | |
| Highest | 1.25*** | 1.14, 1.36 | 1.17* | 1.02, 1.35 | |
* Pvalue< 0.05
* *Pvalue< 0.001
* **Pvalue< 0.000
1Unadjusted Prevalence Rate Ratios
2Adjusted Prevalence Rate Ratios