Table 2.
Characteristics of the individual studies among kidney failure patients receiving dialysis
| Reference | Country | Study design | Study population | Study period | Participation rate | Age years (mean) | Sex (Male) % | Results | Quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albatineh 2019 [17] | Kuwait | Cross sectional | 336 HD patients from six dialysis centres | n.a | n.a. | > 21 | 43.5 | Employed 17.9% | 4 |
| Al -Jumaih 2011 [18] | Saudi Arabia | Cross sectional | 100 HD patients selected randomly from 3 centres | n.a. | n.a. | (53.4) | 68 | Employed 28% | 3 |
| AlShahrani 2018 [19] | Saudi Arabia | Cross sectional | 233 patients from all hemodialysis centres | 2016-17 | n.a. | > 20 | 78.5 | Employed 26.6% | 3 |
| Curtin 1996 [39] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 359 stratified from 31 centres | n.a. | n.a. | 18-62 (43) | 50 | Employed: before dialysis 73%; during dialysis 24% | 7 |
| Ghani 2019 [20] | Sweden | Cohort | 4734 patients; HD = 2667; PD = 2067 | 1995-2012 | 96% | HD/PD (48/47) | HD 65; PD 62 | Employed: 1 yr before dialysis: total 65.3%; HD/PD 57%/76%; during dialysis: total 59.7%; HD/PD 51%/71% | 6 |
| Grubman-Nowak 2020 [69] | Poland | cross sectional | 60 HD patients | 2016-19 | n.a. | (60) | 60 | Employed: 25% | 3 |
| Gutman 1981 [21] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 2481 from 17 dialysis centres | 1979 | n.a. | 21-59 (49) | 55 | Employed: 24% | 8 |
| Helanterá 2012 [14] | Finland | Cross sectional | 819 from Finnish Kidney and Liver Association registry | 2007 | n.a. | 15-64 | 62 | Employed: total 23.9%; HD 19%; homeHD 44%; APD 39%; CAPD 16% | 7 |
| Holley 1994 [42] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 77 patients; HD = 46; PD = 31 | 1993 | 21-54 | 47 | Employed: 42.8% | 5 | |
| Huang 2017 [22] | China | Cross sectional | 166 patients in working age from 4 dialysis centres in Shanghai | 2015 | n.a. | (48.5) | 64 | Employed 15.7% | 5 |
| Imanishi 2017 [23] | Japan | Cohort | 3151 dialysis patients in working age < 60 | 1999-2011 | n.r. | 18-59 | n.a. | Employed 51% | 5 |
| Jarl 2018 [65] | Sweden | Cohort | 1056 on dialysis from Swedish Kidney Registry | 1995-2012 | n.r. | 20-60 (50.3) | 63.5 | Pre-dialysis:28%; during dialysis 18% | 6 |
| Julian Mauro 2013 [66] | Spain | Cross sectional | 161 in dialysis (HD = 83; PD = 78) from 8 centres in Spain in working age | 2007-9 | n.a. | 16-65 (41) | 61.5 | Employed: total 30.4%; HD 41%; PD 35.9% | 3 |
| Kasiske 1998 [24] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 36,646 receiving dialysis placed on a waiting list for kidney transplant. | 1994-96 | n.r. | all ages | 59 | Employed pre-dialysis: Fulltime 53.4%; part-time 6.5%; during dialysis: Fulltime 34.5%; part-time 8.2% | 5 |
| Kutner 1991 [25] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 283 dialysis patients, 15 patents from each of 81 treatment facilities | 1987 | 99% of invited | 18-59 (44.7) | n.a. | Employed 11% | 4 |
| Kutner 2008 [26] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 105,636 dialysis patients from ESRD Facility Survey | 2004 | n.r. | 18-54 | n.a. | Employed 18.9% | 6 |
| Kutner 2010 [27] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 1643 from US Renal Data System | 2009 | n.r. | > 18 (59.6) | 55 | Pre-dialysis 35.6%; During dialysis 11.6% (4 months after start) | 5 |
| Kwan 2013 [28] | Hong Kong | Cross sectional | All new consecutive automated PD-patients matched to CAPD-controls; 270; APD/CAPD 90/180 | 1995-2001 | n.a. | APD/CAPD (50.5/57.8) | ADP 67; CAPD 54 | Employed: Total 35.2%; APD/CAPD 71.2%/17% | 5 |
| Li 2018 [29] | Hong Kong | Cross sectional | 101 (20 NHHD; 81 CAPD) | 2009-14 | 87% | 18-64 (47/52) | 55 | Employed: total 42.6%; NHHD: 80%; CAPD: 33.3% | 4 |
| Molsted 2004 [30] | Denmark | Cross sectional | 112 from one university hospital; 59 in working age < 60 yr: | n.a. | 75% | > 18 (57.8) | 64 | Employed (in working age): 22% | 4 |
| Nakayama 2015 [31] | Japan | Cross sectional | 179 (102 PD; 77 HD) from 5 dialysis centres | 2013 | n.a. | (63) | 68 | Pre-dialysis: 63%; during dialysis 49.2%. | 7 |
| Neumann 2018 [32] | Germany | Cross sectional | 353 (1 yr follow-up) stratified sample of 153 PD; 200 HD from 55 dialysis unit 6-24 months after initiation of dialysis | 2014-2015 | 74% | > 18 (63.1) | 68 | Employed: total 17.1%; (PD 26.9%; HD 13.2%) | 4 |
| Panagopoulou 2009 [67] | Greece | Cross sectional | 40 HD; 36 PD | n.a. | n.a. | HD/PD (57/59) | PD 58; HD 50 | Employed before dialysis: HD: 78%; PD 43%; During dialysis: total 25%; HD: 20%; PD 31% | 3 |
| Parajuli 2016 [68] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 200 from one kidney transplant center; dialysis > 1 yr before transplant | n.a. | 48% | > 18 (57) | 60 |
Employed before dialysis: HD 93.5% During dialysis HD 35% |
4 |
| Ravindran 2020 [43] | India | Cross sectional | 503 HD patients from 11 centres | 2015 | 95% | 13- | 74 | Employed:11.1% | 3 |
| Takaki 2006 [33] | Japan | Cross sectional | 317 HD patients from 4 dialysis centres | n.a. | n.a. | 18-64 (54.2) | 66 |
Employed: Total 42.3%; Male 54.1%; Female 19.4% |
5 |
| Tanaka 2020 [34] | Japan | Cross sectional | 229; 36 PD + HD; 103 HD; 90 PD | 2012-15 | 69.9% | PD + HD (57.4); HD (62.7); PD (65.5) | PD + HD 75; HD 80; PD 69 | Employed: Total 52.8%; PD + HD 63.9%; HD 53.4%; PD 47.8% | 4 |
| Theorell 1991 [35] | Sweden | Cross sectional | 470 patients in Sweden on dialysis | 1988 | 65.5% | 25-64 | 59.8 | Employed: 20% | 6 |
| Walker 2016 [36] | New Zealand | Cross sectional | 43; a part of a larger study | 2014-15 | n.a. | 22-79 | 48 | Employed: 27.9% | 3 |
| van Manen 2001 [40] | The Netherlands | Cohort | 659 consecutive patients on dialysis; 359 completed follow-up | 1997-99 | 54.5% | 18-65 (48.7) | 60 | Employed: before dialysis 35%; 1 yr on dialysis: 29.8% | 3 |
| Wilk 2019 [37] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 759 from one dialysis center | 2010-18 | 65% |
HD (59) INHD (50) |
n.a. | Employed 10.5% | 5 |
| Wolcott 1988 [41] | U.S. | Cross sectional | 33 PD; 33 HD matched by sex, age and diabetic status | n.a. | n.a. | 20-65 | 70 |
Employed: 19.7% PD:30%; HD:9% |
5 |
| Zimmerman 2006 [38] | Canada | Cross sectional |
81 patients randomly selected from a waiting list for donor transplant (1/3 not in dialysis) |
n.a. | 66% | (48.4) | 56.2 | Employed: 32.9% | 4 |
n.a Not analyzed, n.r. Not relevant, HD Hemodialysis, PD Peritoneal dialysis, yr Year, APD Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, CAPD Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, NHHD Nocturnal home hemodialysis