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. 2021 Oct 21;18:243. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02299-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Oxidative damage as observed in the hippocampal DG region and vmPFC of CUS rats. A Behavioral responses of FST and SPT in control rats and CUS model rats (N = 50 per group). B Activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and T-AOC. Contents of MDA and LDH were analyzed and levels were normalized to total protein content (N = 5–6 per group). C Representative western blot images showing relative protein levels NOX1 and NOX4 (N = 6 per group). D Q-PCR analysis of NOX1 and NOX4 mRNA levels of each group. Band intensities were normalized to GAPDH (N = 6 per group). E Representative images of DHE staining (red) within the DG area from each group of rats following ROS analysis (N = 6 per group). Nuclei (blue) are stained with DAPI. Scale bar is 50 μm. F ROS relative intensity analysis after DHE staining in each group *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, vs Control group. Data are presented as means ± SEMs. Student t-tests were employed for comparisons between the two groups