Table 2.

Summary of therapeutic EBV vaccines.

Platform/Antigen	Disease	Clinical trial	Published year	Results
1. Dendritic cells (DCs)-based EBV vaccines
Autologous monocyte-derived DCs pulsed with LMP2 peptides	NPC	Phase I	2002	EBV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses boosted in 9/16 patients, and partial tumor regression induced in 2/16 patients (186).
Autologous DCs pulsed with LMP2A peptides	NPC	Phase I	2013	LMP2-specific T-cell response improved in 9/16 patients, with decreased serum EBV load (187).
2. Recombinant viral vector vaccines
Adenoviral vector expressing LMP2	NPC	Phase I	2016	LMP2-specific CD3+ CD4+ cells increased (188).
Modified vaccinia ankara (MVA) expressing EBNA1 and LMP2 as a fusion protein (MVA-EL)	NPC	Phase I	2013	Two-fold increase in the T-cell response to EBNA1 and/or LMP2 in 15/18 patients treated (189).
MVA-EL	NPC	Phase I		Increased numbers and differentiationof CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells to EBNA1 and LMP2 in 4/8 patients (190).