Table 4.
Risk factors associated with antibiotic resistance among children hospitalised for urinary tract infection.
| Antimicrobial Resistance other than ESBL, MDR, XDR n = 634 |
ESBL n = 83 |
MDR/XDR n = 123 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value |
| Age | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.08 | 0.18 | 1.02 | 0.96, 1.08 | 0.45 | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.08 | 0.18 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| F | - | - | - | - | |||||
| M | 1.16 | 0.80, 1.69 | 0.42 | 1.1 | 0.70, 1.71 | 0.68 | 1.16 | 0.80, 1.69 | 0.42 |
| Recurrent UTI | 4.31 | 2.70, 6.75 | <0.001 | 2.57 | 1.40, 4.47 | 0.001 | 4.31 | 2.70, 6.75 | <0.001 |
| Antibiotic prophylaxis | 5.34 | 2.74, 10.2 | <0.001 | 2.65 | 1.18, 5.55 | 0.013 | 5.34 | 2.74, 10.2 | <0.001 |
| Antibiotic therapy in the preceding 30 days | 2.83 | 1.76, 4.44 | <0.001 | 2.08 | 1.13, 3.60 | 0.013 | 2.83 | 1.76, 4.44 | <0.001 |
| Vescico-ureteral reflux, n. | 1.10 | 0.76, 1.63 | 0.63 | ||||||
| Other urological malformations | 2.67 | 1.71, 4.09 | <0.001 | 1.18 | 0.61, 2.10 | 0.6 | 2.67 | 1.71, 4.09 | <0.001 |
| Nephromegaly | 1.14 | 0.39, 2.66 | 0.78 | 0.95 | 0.23, 2.64 | 0.93 | 1.14 | 0.39, 2.66 | 0.78 |
| Pyelectasis | 1.19 | 0.79, 1.77 | 0.41 | 0.93 | 0.57, 1.50 | 0.76 | 1.19 | 0.79, 1.77 | 0.41 |
CI, confidence interval; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; MDR, multidrug resistant; OR, odds ratio; XDR, extensively drug resistant.