Exogenous palmitic acid promotes ZS resistance in Xoo-Rzs. (A) Percent survival of Xoo-Rzs in the presence or absence of palmitic acid. Xoo-Rzs were inoculated in M9 minimal medium with ZS (6 μg/mL) plus palmitic acid (0 Mm, 0.2 mM, 0.3 mM, or 0.4 mM) and incubated at 30 °C for 6 h. (B) Expression of fatty acid-related genes in Xoo-Rzs in the presence or absence of 0.4 mM palmitic acid. accA/B/C/D: genes encoding ACC; PXO-02711 and PXO-02706: genes encoding β-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase; fabD: gene encoding ACP-malonyl-transferase; PXO-02878: gene coding for β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase; fabA/Z: genes encoding β-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase; PXO-03732: gene encoding fatty acyl-CoA synthetase; PXO-05532, PXO-01706, PXO-01705 and PXO-00100: genes encoding enoyl-CoA hydratase; PXO-01050 and PXO-00103: genes encoding hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; PXO-04228 and PXO-01049: genes encoding β-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. Note: Results are displayed as mean ± SD, and significant differences are identified as determined by Student’s t-test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). At least three biological repeats were performed.